Examine the management opportunities and challenges associated with the use Of a named global vegetation system

The global vegetation system that I am going to be using is the tropical rain forest. Tropical rain forests (TRF) are usually found along or near the equator. These are equatorial climates and inn these climates there are no seasons. The TRF has a very large range of species. There are a lot of tropical hardwoods here, such as mahogany, Oak, Ipe and many more. The direct use for people is to burn the wood that they cut down from the tropical rainforests. An indirect use would be to sell the wood on. There are three scales of how humans affect the TRF, small scale is shifting cultivation, on a medium scale there would be plantations and on a large scale the is deforestation. Equally there are challenges caused as a consequence of how we use it. There a number of environmental challenges that humans face. Firstly the climate here, it is hot wet and humid. These conditions make it hard for humans to live there. There can also be disease here, and pests such as spiders, snakes etc. These become a physical challenge for people to over come. The surface of the TRF can become very swampy in places, this means that it can be very hard for people to move around in the TRF. The density of the TRF is immense, it is incredible difficult for people to get into and to move about in there. Shifting cultivation has opportunities for local people. These local people will use the slash/burn method for making a clearing, here they will grow some crops (usually yams). They have hunters/gatherers who will go out and get food from the area surrounding the clearing they have made. They will live in this clearing for around 4 years, by this time the nutrients start to become depleted, this is one of the challenges that they face. Now they have to move several kilometres away and make sure that they are not in the area where they sent their hunters/gatherers. The clearing that they left will start to grow back. These people have now become part of the eco system and are challenging to become the top carnivores. The population has started to explode in these places and has significantly increased. This practise how now become less viable and there is now less opportunities for the clearings to re grow and therefore there is going to be more and more clearings made in the TRF and they wont be getting the chance to grow back. This is one of the big challenges that they will now face. Plantations are on a medium to large scale of how humans will affect the TRF. Plantations are set up by colonies (MEDC's), and multi national companies. They aim to grow the same crop over large areas of land that would have naturally grown there any way such as tea, coffee, rubber etc. A very large area has got to be cleared so that the plantations can operate. The opportunities for a plantation are huge. They can use the plantation all year round due to the climate being ideal (hot, wet, humid) and there being no seasons. They are able to exploit the forest and use it economically by selling off the crops that they produce. And as they produce a large amount they will make big profits. One big challenge that plantations face is the fact that the diversity of species has been replaced and is now a mono culture. Where there was once area of many species, they are now dominated by single crops on large areas of land. Pests and disease in a TRF are controlled, but in a plantation all the plants are the same so if a disease gets in there all the plants are going to be infected. Also the nutrient cycle is going to be affected by plantations. Growing the same crop over and over again uses the same nutrients and we get soil depletion. Plantations are a manipulation of the eco system. Deforestation has a phenomenal affect on the TFF. The tropical hardwoods have a big demand around the world and this is where they get them. They generate good income for the people who are selling them. The demand for these woods leads to a devastating affect on the TRF. The diversity of species inside the TRF is phenomenal, and this causes a big problem. In 1sqkm there may only be one mahogany tree, if this is the tree that is needed the people are not able to just go and get that one. The forest is so dense they have to pull down all the trees in that area to get to that one. This is mass clearance and has a devastating affect on the TRF. When a tree is chopped down it is going to wipe out a lot of trees in the process. As an affect of this deforestation there is going to be soil erosion. When the trees get pulled down the soil is left exposed to the elements. Afforestation is a process, which should take place after deforestation happens. This is where trees are re planted. To conclude what I have written, there is always going to be management opportunities in a tropical rain forest whether it is on a small scale or on a large scale. The affects that these opportunities have on the tropical rainforest varies. On one hand the affects can be minor as in the local moving land in shifting cultivation due to soil depletion. But the affects can also be devastating, as in deforestation where there is mass clearance and an area of the tropical rain forest is destroyed. So there are opportunities but they can come at a big cost to the environment.

My Choice for My Future Career

Name: My NGUYEN Instructor: Mr. Voeller Class: ESOL 0051 Date: April 3rd, 2012. Final draft My choice for my future career Today the economic crisis continuously affects the life of everyone in the United States, especially young adults who have just graduated from high school and prepared for independent life. So the most important question for every youngster is which career he or she wants to do with his or her life. It is important because if our choices are wrong, we will waste our money, our time, and maybe our mental and physical health.However, we might not know if the path we chose will be the correct one until later in life. Right now I am confident in my decision of becoming a pharmacist for the three reasons below. First and foremost, we must have a passion for and an interest in our career because we will work in our field every day. In this case, as a pharmacist, we must have a strong interest in health care, science and especially chemistry (Bolster, Brynildssen, Cohen , and co-writers 676). My interest in chemistry began when I was in tenth grade, the Royal Australian Chemical Institute and my school held a Chemistry Exam for all of students in my grade.My classmates and I studied and prepared a lot for this exam because we heard that the awards would be a scholarship to study abroad in Australia. However, when studying for the exam, I was actually interested in chemistry myself. So, although for this exam I only got the bronze medal but the knowledge that I gained from this experience was priceless. When I did the research for this exam, I realized that many discoveries in chemistry would be used in medicine to prevent or to cure human diseases. For example, I respected Marie Curie, the female scientist who discovered the element radium.That element is used in X-Ray to diagnose diseases; in Radiotherapy, a treatment method using in Oncology; and in Radiopharmacy, â€Å"the use of radioactive drugs for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose† (B olster, Brynildssen, Cohen, and co-writers 674). At that time I hoped that I would have many chances in the future to study more about chemistry and how it is applied in health care. In this Chemistry exam, I had a lab session so my friends and I had some hours to practice in lab with our instructor. I was excited with every lecture and lab session. I liked to practice in lab, and see the chemical reactions.I had some memorable experience in chemistry lab, such as creating a small explosion when combining some chemicals together; and burning my hand when pouring a liquid too fast. My chemistry teacher said that if I liked to study chemistry and find information about this field then I would become a chemist or a pharmacist. â€Å"Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-2011 Edition, Pharmacist† indicated that compounding or mixing of chemical ingredients to form medications is a part of a pharmacist’s practice. This is another reason why pharmacist is a best choice for my future career.Second, my future career choice is right because I realize that I have some qualifications that are suitable for a pharmacist. For example, from an experience of my childhood time, I knew that to become a pharmacist I must be a kind person. Furthermore, as any other health care career, I had to care for my patients as for members in my family, and to communicate well to interact with patients and co-workers. When I was six years old, I was weak and sick all the time. One time when I was hospitalized because of high fever and shortness of breath, and the medical staff in the Children Hospital influenced my dream career.They were my nurse, my doctor and my pharmacist. They did their best to help me get better. They talked to me and my parents about my disease and how to cure it. They made me feel more confident in my recovery. I cannot forger my pharmacist. She talked to me like my mother: â€Å"Honey, try to take your pills and drink more milk. You will get better and become a beautiful girl. You must be strong to study well and help any kids like you right now. † Since then, I have always thought about how and what I could do to help ill people.When playing with my sibling and my friends, I liked to play a role as a doctor. Every time my parents were ill, I was worried. I wanted to study clearly every disease that my parents had and to take care of them more closely. Whenever my school planned any field trip to nursing home, I was always the first one to raise a hand up to participate. Last but not least, I know my choice for my future career is right because I have a role model who is a pharmacist. She is a successful woman in her career and in life and is respected by almost all of my neighbors.She is Tran, a pharmacist and a professor of the College of Pharmacy in my city. I have known Mrs. Tran since I was a child, my mother used to take me to her pharmacy store together to buy medicine. One time, my father had an accident and suffered a severe back pain. This symptom became chronic and attacked my father when he worked long hours. I went to Mrs. Tran’s pharmacy with my father and I got information about a pharmacist’s job. She consulted my father how to use these drugs safely and effectively. Besides using drugs, she gave more advice and useful information to my father to relieve the pain.She talked about the right working positions to avoid backache, and also exercises like swimming and riding bicycle would be helpful for back muscles to become stronger to prevent back pain. In addition, she said that some drugs might cause stomach discomfort and should be taken with full stomach. My father got better after a few weeks using these medicines and also took her advice on trying to do these exercises. He recovered almost totally so that my father and my family appreciated Mrs. Tran a lot. Furthermore, I knew that Mrs. Tran has helped many patients in my neighbor like my father.She has held group educa tion every weekend at our community center to provide information and free medicine for poor residents. She was not only my family pharmacist but also my older friend. When I had any questions about health or medicines, she always explained clearly by an easy way and showed me how and where to get information when she was as my age. Since then, I have respected her a lot, and promised myself to study hard to become a good pharmacist like her. As time went by, when I graduated high school and prepared to choose major in college, I met her and we discussed some points about career outlooks.I was encouraged to get my dream career. Every career has its own obstacle but when I worked hard and attempt my dream career which could help people by myself, it would be worthy. Furthermore, â€Å"Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-2011 Edition, Pharmacist† showed that employment in my career was expected to increase faster than the average. All of these things made me decide more confide ntly. In conclusion, right now I am walking on my path to my future step by step and I am self-confident with my job because my awareness of my life goal. In a session I have attended about how to become a successful student in my College, professor Hermes T.Cervantes said, â€Å"Life was choices and you must be responsible with your choices. And to be successful in life a student should choose â€Å"the sure way† in order to â€Å"the fast way† when you got decision in any problem, especially choosing your career. † Works Cited Bolster, Carole et al: Exploring Health Care Careers. Chicago: Ferguson Publising Company, 2002. Print. Jordan, David: â€Å"Careers with the Pharmaceutical Industry†. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003. Print. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: â€Å"Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Pharmacists†. Web http://data. bls. gov/cgi-bin/print. pl/oco/ocos079. htm. March 6, 2012.

Children spend too much time playing computer games Essay

Agree or disagree: Your job has greater happiness than your social life. With the past decades witnessing a great leap in the development of the society, we are now attaching great importance to the sense of happiness which can bring us power, arouse our enthusiasm for loving life, and help us to create a promising future. While some people consider jobs provide us with greater happiness, I bolster that our social life can achieve it better. Admittedly, our job brings happiness, as it can meet both our material and spiritual needs. We will realize our self value and social value in our work, thus meeting our spiritual needs. For example, when it comes to men like Bill Gates, charity work reaches new levels of generosity and commitment. Well-known for founding the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation while also contributing to many other causes, Gates is not only one of the wealthiest men in the world-he is also one of the most giving. I’m fully convinced by the instance that one can gain happiness from work. However, a healthy relationship with our friends is the source of happiness and harbor of our heart. Communication with friends could help us get away from the pressure in our work. When we are in blue, we can talk with our friends, thus extricating ourselves from morbid emotions and even solving problems. Besides, some group work like singing, dancing and playing basketball together help us totally relaxed. Last but not the least, by engaging in social life, we can befriend people from all walks of life. Thus, we can enlarge our social networking and have a happier life. For instance, author Michael Lewis said at a speech:† One night I was invited to a dinner, where I sat next to the wife of a big shot at a giant Wall Street investment bank, called Salomon Brothers. She more or less forced her husband to give me a job. â€Å"Then he was so happy that he got a fantastic job and wrote the book Liar’s Poke which was a hit to the country. If he did not take part in the dinner, he would never have become so successful and delightful. It is a hot issue that do you agree or disagree that your job has greater  happiness than your social life does? Admittedly, your job provides opportunities(opportunities) for you to earn money and gain high career(status). However, can we say that job gives more happiness than social life does? Perhaps not; job also brings us about the deep pressure and deprives the leisure staying with friends. Despite various perspectives people hold on this controversial topic, I, given this choice, prefer to assert that social life has happiness than job does. My point of view, involves the fundamental and deep discussion(s) as follows. In the first place, Social life brings us lots of happiness and leisure when staying with our friends. Both common sense and our experiences from our daily life inform us that friends are very familiar with us, and we can gain lots (of) happiness with them. Take me as an example, in my spare time I often invite my friend to go outdoors. We often go to the Starbucks Coffee and enjoy our hobby that she most likes mocha and(while) latte is myfavorite. There are also tens (of) tastes of cookies worthy to try. Most important, they are not very expensive. We oftensite(sit) outside, enjoying our happiness, talking to each other and playing chess. We both enjoy the leisure time and feel much happy. But how can it’s going when you doing your job, you must bear the pressure coming from high quality assignments(assignments with high quality requirements). Apparently, it’s(it is) indisputable that social life brings us more happiness. In addition, an equally essential and compelling argument that deserves people’s attention is that social life enlarges our social relationships(relationship net) net and give(s) us many chances to improve ourselves. One only need to look at that in the last vacation, I participated into a social party with my parents, just as a big dinner with different people. A brother sitting nearby me kept talking with me and was very interesting. He got to know that I was a student preparing Toefl exam and had many difficulties. And(Fortunately) he was just a teacher from New Oriental School. He gave me many instructions about the listening, speaking, reading and writing learning. Then he gave me many valuable Toefl material(s)after the dinner. I followed his advice and improved my  English. If I didn’t(did not) join the dinner, can I gain the improvement? Of course not. I felt happy not only because of the improvement of the English study but also because of the enlargement of the social relationships net(relationship net). Admittedly, it is probably true that we can achieve the money and advancement from the job. But we also experience the high pressure and complex relationship with colleagues. What’s more, if we get caught in the sophisticated relationship, wewon’t(will not) be happy any more. When the advantage and disadvantage (are) carefully examined, the more striking conclusion is apparent that social life brings us more happiness than job does. To sum up, although some people might still (be) unconvinced. But the reasons and factors I have analyzed make them more aware of the dimensions under discussions. There is little doubt that more and more people realize that social life has more happiness. The lecture and the passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of the function of â€Å"great houses† of Chaco Canyon. The passage explains that there are three competing theories about their function, while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view. First, the professor challenges the idea expressed in the reading passage that the great structure purely for people to live. He argues that it is impossible for the structure to be residential although it looks like the later American apartment from outside. Because the house is so great that it could be capacity of more than a hundred families, while only around ten fireplaces have been found, which means it couldn’t serve so many people for their daily cooking. Second, the passage suggests that the Chaco structures were used for grain storage while the lecture says that no trace of spilled maize or containers have been found, so they could not been used to store food. This is where the speaker disagrees with the write Finally the lecture apparently refutes the point illustrated in the passage that the house was for ceremonies. According to the professor, there are lots of materials besides broken pots have been found, such as sands, stones, even construction tools, which provides good evidence that the pots may be the leftover from the meals of the construction worker, and which further proved that the house may be not used for ceremonies

Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race - Essay Example The physical features of race are the first differentiating factor any race. The mixing of races blurs this difference. The melding of the Angles and Saxons many centuries ago to make up the Anglo-Saxons makes for clear understanding of this. The Anglo-Saxons can be said to be made up of any distinct set of physical features, as there is varied nature of the physical features among the Anglo-Saxons. Yet genetically they are the same, even though physically there are many differences. Steve Olson uses Hawaii as the example of mixing of races to portend the future of a race of human race devoid of ethnicity, because of the mixing of different races that have occurred in the country. It is this very mixing of races that gives us insight into the retention of ethnic divides, when biology has ceased to be of relevance. Hawaii is a mix of people that can trace their roots to Japan, China, New England, Portugal, the Philippines and the native Polynesians. Social class in the land is based o n this tracing of ancestral ties. Those with ancestral ties to Japan, China, and New England occupy the higher classes of society, while those with ancestral ties to the Philippines and Portugal occupy the next bracket of social class. The native Polynesians find themselves right at the bottom of the social class system, which is reflected in their resolve for an independent nation, much like the aspirations of the Native American Indians. This ethnical divide persists even though there has been much biological mixing through interracial marriages. This experience of Hawaii provides support for the argument that with mixing of races, new sets of races are created socially that do not have biological relevance and lead to the persistence of racial divides of society. Olson provides a clear example of the fading of the biological basis of racial divide on Hawaii through the example of a man with ancestors, whose roots

Ocean power 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ocean power 2 - Research Paper Example Despite it being responsible for global warming and acid rains it is also accountable for the electricity generated through fossil fuel. The utilization of tidal energy, it decreases the necessity of nuclear power (Charlier, 92). Nuclear power is mainly linked to the risk of direct radiations to humans. Ocean power involves technologies that are advanced in the consumption of the energy from the sea by crashing the waves during the movement of the tides. The most obvious type of ocean energy is the power of waves. In converting energy, wave power is captured near the shore and offshore. Most importantly, all the types of ocean power produce electricity through the conversion of the kinetic energy in the water and thermal energy being converted into mechanical energy that stirs the turbine(Brewster, 109). In conclusion, the ocean thermal energy conversion is the least available type of ocean power and therefore the least used in the U.S (Charlier, 145). Most of the heat stored in the oceans forms the largest solar power collections in the world. Additionally, most of the energy from the ocean waves is basically available source of electricity in future. It is very consistent and predictable than all other renewable resources such as wind and solar. Wave energy demonstrates the best economic production of electric power would be integrated of smart technologies that support wave form of energy (Charlier,

The Issues of Family Law in Australia and New Zealand Assignment

The Issues of Family Law in Australia and New Zealand - Assignment Example The Government riposte that cohabitants should marry misses the point. All cohabitants need to be quite clear as to whether they have any beneficial interest in a property and how to secure it. In Australia3 and New Zealand4 unmarried cohabitants' rights are recognized by legislation, common law, and equity. The principle of unjust enrichment has been utilized in both these countries and Canada.5 Domestic duties alone have never sufficed in English law to found a claim for a beneficial share, whilst they do in Canada under the concept of the remedial constructive trust. Hence in Peter v Beblow6 a woman who cared for her own and her partner's children did the housework and contributed money to the housekeeping was able to keep the house under a constructive trust on the basis that her partner would otherwise be unjustly enriched by her services. In Hammon v Mitchell7- an English case - a woman who did unpaid work for her partner, raised their children and maintained the home as well as supporting him in his speculative ventures failed to acquire any beneficial share. Remedial trusts are imposed where there is a direct link between substantial indirect contributions and the acquisition or improvement of property; otherwise, compensation could be available on a quantum meruit basis. The 'trustee' has a duty to convey the property to the claimant who sues on quasi-contractual gr ounds.   In order to establish an unjust enrichment claim, there needs to be evidence of  enrichment, a corresponding deprivation, and the absence of any juristic reason for the enrichment. Examples of enrichment include household expenses, domestic work and repairs, and maintenance. The courts have not accepted willing assistance.

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business - Essay Example On the other hand, if the employees fail to meet the expectation and goals of the leader, they are threatened with punishment and demotion or even termination of employment. Some of the leaders that practiced this kind of leadership included McCarthy and de Gaulle. Transformational leadership On the contrary, transformational leaders use different methods in motivating their followers. They use a shared vision and charisma to inspire the followers to forego their personal interest for the interests of the organization. The leaders transform and create dedication, confidence and the creative ways of solving the problem. This kind of leadership has been effective especially when the organization is undergoing challenges and problems. A transformational leader is not only the manager of day-day operations but also takes work team to the next level of success and performance. The leaders set targets and incentives to push their employees to a higher level of performance, as they create opportunities for personal and professional growth of employees. Some of the leaders who practiced such kind of leadership include Moses and F Kennedy. The advantage of this kind of leadership is that it brings faster development of small businesses since the leaders try to shoot ambitious goal which are achieved later through team building and the vision of the leader. Crucibles of Leadership According to the author, a crucible refers to experience that transforms and toughens people to thus giving them a new sense of motivation, purpose and identity. As it is mentioned, crucibles are like tests or trials that corners individuals and forcing them to answer questions about their identity and what is vital to them. Even though experience is important, what matters the most is how and what we learn from the experience. Most of the greatest leaders are the greatest learners since they know their motivations and aspirations. Great leaders have the characteristics of having the capacity to adapt and engage others through shared integrity. According to Bennis & Thomas, adaptive capacity is the ability to learn, adjust and change. The base of adaptive capacity is creativity, resilience, willingness to learn, openness to new form of experience and strong observational skills. In order to determine the capacity to adapt, one has to ask whether they are constantly looking for ways to improve the performance and one has gained knowledge about the different aspects of the organization. When it comes to engaging others, an interactive leader commands and enlists the team members. They exhibit the attributes of having emotional intelligence and communicate the sense of purpose According to Masi (2000), transformational leaders have some impacts on the motivation of employees and the performance of the entire organization. It has an impact on the commitment and creation of sense of vision and creates some mutual interest of leaders and followers. In reference to the article of Kamalanabhan and Sunder, it is generally believed that most the managers take more risks than others. Several researches have indicated that managers are both risk-seekers and risk-avoiders. In this article, Managers are mostly insensitive in estimation of the probabilities of the outcomes; some of their decisions are mainly affected by the way they focus on the targeted performance; and they make a quick distinction between gambling and taking risks.

Sustainable Events Management Course work Essay

Sustainable Events Management Course work - Essay Example Also, MCI delivered satisfactory results in social, economic, and environmental aspects as they conform to the ISO 20121 (event sustainability management system). The reality shows that more and more businesses have perceived sustainability principles and practices as important success factors in today’s business landscape; hence, they have incorporated these into their systems and activities. Sustainability among these companies are being provided in various societal and corporate initiatives, but most of them are centered on environmental or natural, economic, and social dimensions (Haugh & Talwar, 2010). These dimensions of responsibility are known as the triple bottom line (TBL) approach, which was coined by John Elkington in 1990s (Elkington, 2004). In this regard, various industries are encouraged to give importance on environmental and societal issues in their decision-making and sustainability reporting; this approach can be seen in the MCI group. The main thrust of this paper is to critically assess the sustainability policy of MCI in relation to the TBL theory. Also, recommendations will be given after the critical appraisal of the company’s sustainability plan. MCI is a privately held company whose expertise is in the field of event management. It was founded in 1987 by Roger Tondeur and Ursula Wiger, which is currently headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland (MCI, n.d.a.). Furthermore, MCI is one of the leading companies in the event industry with 48 offices in 22 countries worldwide including the U.S, EU, Asia, Middle East, and many more (MCI, 2011). Also, the company expressed that their continuing growth for almost 25 years is attributed to their commitment to sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the application of the TBL theory. This theory has been embedded in all of MCI’s policies, practices, decisions, programs, and reporting. In fact, they are

Advanced entrepreneurship - intrapreneurship & entrepreneurship Essay

Advanced entrepreneurship - intrapreneurship & entrepreneurship - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to launch an innovative new product in its industry through intrapreneurship describing the strategies employed, factors considered and challenges one would have likely faced in the process. The second part of the paper also explores how different the approach would have been and the changes in the marketing environment if the product had been introduced into the market by way of entrepreneurship. The main purpose of the activity is to shed light on the difference between intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship in a practical setting. Research for this paper has been conducted chiefly from the internet as well as some available course material and the strategies detailed in the same have been compiled based on real case studies as well as the theory studied during the course. Part 1: Product Idea Product The product chosen for the purpose of this activity is a P2P (peer to peer software) file transfer client similar to the ‘Torrent’ clients enc ountered today with modification that it is used exclusively for the exchange of licensed audio and video files. There is currently no player in the industry that offers original DVD videos of movies and series recently out of cinemas licensed by the proprietor for free. Piracy through other P2P clients poses a high risk to the (downloader and the distributor of such illegal media) being prosecuted by the EFA when discovered and also causes considerable losses to the industry. The innovation in the product lies in the fact that a good quality print of the media is available for free to any user, which negates the requirement for piracy. The revenue losses incurred by the proprietor of the media (in DVD sales) can be recovered through placement of advertisements in the media.1 Introduction into the Market The approach selected to introduce this new product (dubbed VideoGenie) into the market is Intrapreneurship. Developing software of this caliber as well as maintaining a team that c an service clients and develop business, coordinate licensing deals, insert advertisements into videos, maintain servers for downloaders and publicize the product would require a huge infusion of capital. Despite that, there is no guarantee of the product becoming profitable in the first year after its launch. Therefore, it seems more sensible to find a company to fund its development and launch and bear the losses rather than invest one’s own money into it. To decide how the product is introduced into the market, one has to consider the demographic and psychographic profile of the target group / audience. Target Audience Demographic Profile Since the medium for distribution of the product chosen is the internet, there are no geographic constraints. The age group of the target audience will range from 16 to 45 years as the target audience needs to comprise cinema / series/ sitcom enthusiasts who are savvy enough to use the internet for downloading these files. There is no bar rier relevant to the occupation, marital status or gender of the target group. Psychographic Profile The customer targeted by this product includes cinema/ series buffs and a patron of any form of entertainment that is currently sold on DVD (and is plagued by piracy). The customer should be internet savvy, have an internet connection that allows frequent and heavy downloads and intent on saving money (i.e. reluctant to spend on purchasing the DVD). The customer should also be an opinion leader among his / her friends to increase word-of-mouth publicity of the product. The product also targets people who are averse to using pirated media and are afraid of legal action taken by intellectual proprietors for the same. The distribution of the software can best be done over the web. Since the software will be available for free and it provides licensed versions of videos that would otherwise be downloaded illegally, it makes most sense to distribute it

Bahamian environment Essay Example for Free

Bahamian environment Essay Question: Littering and irresponsible disposal of garbage by humans is destroying our Bahamian environment. In order to define the littering we must first define the word litter. Litter refers to different waste products such as containers, papers, and wrappers that have been disposed onto streets, yards and remote areas. This means â€Å"littering† is the pollution of our environment by different litter waste. Littering not only destroys our beautiful Bahamian environment but it also affects wildlife, human health and the economy. Littering and irresponsible disposal of garbage in our environment is a very important issue, which many people overlook. Although people know littering is an illegal act, many continue to carelessly scatter their trash around nonetheless. Litter creates toxins and pollutants that are harmful to our environment. When Bahamians throw glass bottles and cigarettes in bushes and along the roads the sun reflects off of them, resulting in a fire igniting. The smoke from the fire will soon fill the air, slowly polluting and destroying the atmosphere. Litter is harmful to wildlife also. They may ingest the plastic and paper then suffer from serious illness. Small animals crawl into bottles and jars looking for food and may become stuck and slowly starve to death. Littering not only affects land creatures but marine life as well. Many marine animals confuse plastic bags, balloons, bait packets, candy wrappers and rubber with prey and eat them. Plastic bags and balloons floating in the water look like jellyfish. Turtles often eat them and choke or starve to death because they have so much plastic in their stomachs. In addition, illegally dumped items containing hazardous waste can harm the environment and have a potentially negative impact on human health. Food, packaging, and other materials left to rot provide a fertile breeding ground in which bacteria thrives, resulting in a health hazard for those that come into contact with it. Litter can also create safety problems, with items such as broken glass bottles and metal cans having the potential to cause injury to anyone that steps or falls on it. In the Bahamas, mainly in Freeport we experience many bush fires. When pollutants are left in the air we as humans inhale them, this contaminated are travels to our lungs which slowly kills them. Furthermore, littering can widely affect the economy. Due to animals consuming litter and dumping they sooner or later die. Because these animals are dying they will very shortly become extinct. With no marine life and wildlife, the Bahamas will lose it main attraction which is its beautiful coral reefs and sea creatures. With no tourists coming to see these attractions, the economy of the Bahamas will soon fall dramatically all from littering and pollution. Littering is an extremely important issue in Bahamian society that should not be overlooked. It can affect the Bahamas in ways such as environmental, economic, health and wildlife. Our beautiful country is filled with many undiscovered wonders; let us not kill them by failing to do such a small action. Throw garbage in the trash and not the sea; keep litter in your hand and not on the land. So remember â€Å"Keep the Bahamas clean, green and pristine.

Effects of the Tourism Sector on Employment Rates

Effects of the Tourism Sector on Employment Rates Chapter 2: Literature Review The main purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the existing literatures that various researchers have conducted on tourism and employment. This chapter also shed lights on how tourism sector is important for employment. 2.1 Theoretical Review The theoretical literature explores all the theories based on tourism and employment. 2.2 Introduction Around the world tourism has become the most crucial and fast growing industry as it is bringing a numerous advantages especially in Small Island like Mauritius. Over the last decades, tourism has attained increasing recognition as a crucial sector with enormous potential for generating employment. Tourism has been classified as the prosperous industry and considered as one of the largest and most progressive industries in the world that can bring maximum advantage to a country as compared to other economic activities. There has been a rise in tourist’s arrivals during the recent years since the beginning of civilisation as travel has been a great interest for people especially in Mauritius. UNWTOs Tourism 2020 vision foresees that international tourists arrivals are expected to be over 1.56 billion in the year 2020 thus this will bring a positive impact in job opportunities in the future as it will boost up the employment rate in the world. As such, the tourism sector will co ntinue to be a promising industry in the following decades. In a country such as Mauritius, employment is considered as one of the most important matters as unemployment keep on increasing every day. Unemployment following a period of seasonal job creation may be voluntary or involuntary. It is more efficient in creating employment in tourism than in any other sector as tourism is a labour intensive industry. Consumption expenditures of tourist provide direct or indirect employment opportunities in the tourism industry. Therefore total employment in a country is influenced by tourism via the general employment effect in the economy. The rapid growth of international tourism has led to numerous job creations. Tourism can create employment directly through hotels, restaurants, souvenir sales, taxis and nightclubs, and indirectly through the supply of commodities needed by tourism-related businesses. 2.3 The seasonality in tourism employment Tourism seasonality is an important issue in many destinations. Seasonality creates the variation in tourists and visitor numbers to a destination. Many countries are affected by seasonal employment in their tourism industry especially in coastal destination. Seasonality is considered more as an issue rather than a benefit of tourism (Butler, 2001). Thus seasonality is seen as a problem to be tackled at an operational level. Flognfedt (2001) disagrees that in certain situation seasonality in demands present opportunities to rural destinations mostly where their economy balances tourism alongside other activities. However it is considered that seasonality can cause problems for employment level in the economy. Unemploymentis not certainly produced by seasonal employment. Unemployment that occurs due to seasonal employment may be willingly or unwillingly because some employees prefer seasonal job as they are paid more compared to other job. Anyunemployment benefitpolicy designed to alleviate the seasonal nature of employment insectorssuch astourism may reduce the unemployment issue. Employment in the tourism sector is greatly affected by the phenomenon of seasonality. Marshall (1999) describes seasonal job as: â€Å"once the seasonal peak has been over, non-stable job will end at a stated time or in the future†. The perception of tourism seasonality can be described as temporal lack of balance in the phenomenon of tourism which can be signified in their expenditure, in the number of visitors and employment (Butler, 1994). The tourism sector gives the opportunity of complementary earning for local population in many developed and developing countries. However, particularly in many developed country destination seasonal fluctuation brings an irregular use of potential workforce which eventually lead to an increase in seasonal unemployment. The seasonal fluctuation of capacity use in tourism industry brings also a local shift of working area. Several countries reported efforts to prolong the high season by creating new artisanal products in order to attract more tourists in the whole year. This would solve the problem of seasonality employment as well as help to increase the investment yield. Furthermore in the Mauritian context, seasonality in tourist arrivals is also presented and hence this creates an imbalance of employment in the tourism industry where many people will be unemployed during this period. Usually the hottest months of the year are January and December where many foreigners come in Mauritius to spend Christmas and New Year in the summer season while other peaks are in the months of March and August where most of the European spends their holidays in Mauritius. However in June, the winter month in Mauritius and February, the cyclone prone month the country experienced a decreased in its tourist’s arrivals. According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), there has been an increased in international tourist arrivals by 4 percent between the month of January and August 2012 compared with the year in 2011. Furthermore, total expenditure on tourism has also increased and most of the rise in spending was from travellers from developing countries suc h as China, and Indonesia. This generates more employment opportunities in the tourism industry. 2.4 The relationship between Tourism and Employment As tourism is a service industry it has powerful effect on those areas which has surplus of labour because skilled and productive human resources are very important for this sector. Tourism, due to its manpower intensive production by nature, is an industry creating an enormous opportunity of employment facilities. It has a great impact on local population employment. Thus there is a positive relationship between the growth of tourism and the increasing employment benefits. This also helps in reducing the poverty rate. A large number of professional and unprofessional people are required in the field of construction, advertisement and management of infrastructural facilities of tourist centres. The proper utilization of these available human resources could be a benefit for tourism improvement and side by side further prediction of employment. Any expenditure by a tourist allows this industry directly and allows other sectors which supply input to tourism sector indirectly to boost up employment opportunities. Tourism sector is directly linked with several industries such as accommodation, transport, entertainment, travel agents, management, finance and health. Moreover, tourism construction industry provides sources for other industries such as agriculture industry and manufacture industry indirectly. Furthermore, tourism may create job opportunities not only in tourist receiving countries but also in tourist sending countries in different aspect because different service units are needed in sender countries to complete some facilities done before travel. Depending upon development in tourism sector and intensity in demand for tourism there is an increasing effect in employment. The employment in a country increases as much as tourism demands for that country. Tourism creates employment as much as the income (Holloway, 1994). In addition, if we make comparison of employment rates created by tourism based on tourist sender country and tourist receiver country, it is possible to conclude in general that the employment rate in tourist receiver country is higher. Tourism appeared to be more labour intensive and empirical studies have confirmed that the level of employment in tourism activities is quite high. 2.5 Tourism creates an abundance of employment opportunities in both the informal and formal sectors. Tourism creates three types of employment in regional and national economies.( Mathieson and Wall) Direct Employment Tourism creates enormous number of direct employment in establishment like hotels, restaurants, tourist shops, travel agencies and also in transport, handloom and handicraft industries in the country and it meets touristic needs directly. It also generates certain category of workers like interpreters, guides, tour operators and so on. Indirect Employment Those directly employed in the tourism industry creates indirect employment in certain other sectors through their demand for the commodities. It covers the employment in other industries which do not cater for touristic consumers directly but get revenue from expenditure done in touristic relations that is the other sectors which bring input for tourism sector. For example, the workers to be employed in construction work of an additional unit to increase capacity of an accommodation facility, or the employees working in a manufacturing facility, which produces the goods to be put up for sale in this facility, can be considered in indirect employment. Induced Employment It refers to further employment in economy arising from re-spending of the income which has been acquired by direct and indirect employment approaches ( Mathieson and Wall, 1982). The individuals, whose earnings and standard of living have raised due to their tourism activities, create new job opportunities spending this acquired earning in other sectors of the economy. Multiplier effect of tourism plays an essential role in the development of induced employment. Mauritius has not been able to maintain its number one position in the regional rankings as it was overtaken by the entry of the Seychelles in the year 2013 and is ranked 58th overall. The priority of the sector remains high, along with a strong national attraction for Travel Tourism (ranked 6th). The country’s tourism sector and the good infrastructural development ground were ranked 48th and 37th respectively by regional standards. Travel Tourism is one of the dominant employment creators in the earth as this industry directly engages more than 98 million people, representing over 3 percent of employment rate in the world. The sector contributes to around one in every eleven jobs in the whole world. The share of world employment in Travel Tourism is greater than that for the auto manufacturing industries and chemicals manufacturing industries combined, across each and every region of the world. In addition, the outlook for the sector is almost positive as job growth in Travel Tourism is estimated to average 1.9 percent yearly over the following next ten years, compared with 1.2 percent growth yearly forecast for total jobs in the world. In all the regions of the world except for Africa, employment in Travel Tourism is foreseen to be more promising than total employment growth while travel and tourism employment in Africa is still expected to grow by 2.3 percent yearly for the next decades and reach 2.9 percent of total employment by 2022. Empirical literature review This section provides a brief description of the relevant empirical studies on tourism and employment. The main findings have been recorded, merged and compared where appropriate to build a model for analysing the impact of tourism on employment. Finally, the relationship between tourism and employment is examined. As tourism is a mixture of sectors and it consists of a great number of small service sectors, it becomes difficult to calculate exactly the tourism’s contribution in the country’s economy. However in Albania country it has been able to determine the relationship between tourism and employment in Albania during the year 1999 to 2012 and the empirical studies show that tourism has a positive impact on employment. Time series have quarterly data and their study has been done using Engle Granger test, Johansen Co integration and the correction of error. Thus empiric results show that tourism has had a positive effect on employment and the co-integration test has given result that there is a strong relationship between the two variables in the long run period. Furthermore, in Bermuda (dix 1989) concluded that 70 % of all employment in the island is supported by tourism. However when solely the direct employment is viewed the impact of tourism on employment is undervalued. That is real impact is far greater when taking into consideration the effect on the economy of both indirect and induced employment. A lack of accurate figure for total number of people employed in either indirect or induced tourism activities makes it difficult to calculate how many people are affected even though it is possible to estimate the impact of expected tourist expenditure on direct and indirect employment(mappisammeng 1991; Booth 1988). Varley 1978 considered that the volume of indirect employment generated by tourism was dependant on the degree of linkage between the tourism sector and the other sector in the economy. In his studies in Fiji he concluded that the higher degree of integration in the economy was the higher the amount of indirect employment creat ed. Further empirical studies have been done to illustrate the impact of tourism on national economy. Thus input-output analysis approach has been done to illustrate the economic impact of tourism. However Dwyer, Forsyth and Spurr argue that this type of models has some limitation and is considered as a disadvantage to use such type of model. They revealed that these models had taken into consideration only the positive economic aspect and has overlooked the negative impacts. Therefore they suggested that Computable general Equilibrium models (CGE) is a better technique to resolve the problem of the limitation.

Ethics for Nurses Essay -- Ethics, nursing, health care

This hypothetical situation illustrates a common problem faced by nurses, as the roles we serve can be multifaceted and demanding. It is often tempting to cut corners, especially if we feel there will be no actual harm done. This, however, does not justify professional misconduct nor allow us to expand our practice beyond our designated scope. Not only do the Nursing Practice Acts define our role as nurses, they also designate what nurses may not do. The purpose of the Nurse Practice Acts is to protect the patient from harm. The Nurse Practice Acts state that the scope of nursing does not include acts of medical diagnosis or the prescription of therapeutic or corrective measures as stated in section 301.002. Thus, by signing prescriptions for the physician the nurse went beyond her scope of practice. The ANA states, â€Å"When acting within one's role as a professional, the nurse recognizes and maintains boundaries that establish appropriate limits to relationships." Nurses must also abide by a code of ethics which can be found at the ANA website. Provision four states â€Å"the nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum care† (ANA code of ethics -2001). This means that the nurse is responsible for determining which tasks are appropriate. Even if the physician insists that she goes beyond her scope of practice it is still her responsibility to be accountable for her own actions. It is very important that nurses understand this standard since working under the hierarchy of a physician may make it tempting to follow their guidance rather than owning their own responsibilities. Statement three in the co... ...st us as we provide care and in order to do so we must understand our scope of care. Going beyond this scope could lead to dangerous consequences for the patient and cost the nurse their license to practice. Works Cited American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. Silver Spring, Md: American Nurses Association; 2001. Code of Ethics for Nurses . (2001, January 1). American Nurses Association . Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://nursingworld.org/MainMen The Texas Board of Nursing,(2009). Nursing practice act. Nursing peer review, nurse licensure compact, & advanced practice registered nurse compact. Austin, TX Watch your step: Nursing and professional boundaries. (2001, January 1). NursingCenter. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/journalarticle.asp?article_id=696090#P11 Ethics for Nurses Essay -- Ethics, nursing, health care This hypothetical situation illustrates a common problem faced by nurses, as the roles we serve can be multifaceted and demanding. It is often tempting to cut corners, especially if we feel there will be no actual harm done. This, however, does not justify professional misconduct nor allow us to expand our practice beyond our designated scope. Not only do the Nursing Practice Acts define our role as nurses, they also designate what nurses may not do. The purpose of the Nurse Practice Acts is to protect the patient from harm. The Nurse Practice Acts state that the scope of nursing does not include acts of medical diagnosis or the prescription of therapeutic or corrective measures as stated in section 301.002. Thus, by signing prescriptions for the physician the nurse went beyond her scope of practice. The ANA states, â€Å"When acting within one's role as a professional, the nurse recognizes and maintains boundaries that establish appropriate limits to relationships." Nurses must also abide by a code of ethics which can be found at the ANA website. Provision four states â€Å"the nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum care† (ANA code of ethics -2001). This means that the nurse is responsible for determining which tasks are appropriate. Even if the physician insists that she goes beyond her scope of practice it is still her responsibility to be accountable for her own actions. It is very important that nurses understand this standard since working under the hierarchy of a physician may make it tempting to follow their guidance rather than owning their own responsibilities. Statement three in the co... ...st us as we provide care and in order to do so we must understand our scope of care. Going beyond this scope could lead to dangerous consequences for the patient and cost the nurse their license to practice. Works Cited American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. Silver Spring, Md: American Nurses Association; 2001. Code of Ethics for Nurses . (2001, January 1). American Nurses Association . Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://nursingworld.org/MainMen The Texas Board of Nursing,(2009). Nursing practice act. Nursing peer review, nurse licensure compact, & advanced practice registered nurse compact. Austin, TX Watch your step: Nursing and professional boundaries. (2001, January 1). NursingCenter. Retrieved March 16, 2011, from http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/journalarticle.asp?article_id=696090#P11

Past and Present Views on Gossip Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Past and Present Views on Gossip Culture is constantly changing: the prevailing beliefs and trends of one period can vary substantially from those of another. A significant consequence of this cultural flux is gradual evolution in the meanings of some words. Since language is naturally tied to culture, it is not surprising that these changes occur. Words have meaning only in the context of the current social climate; therefore their definitions change synchronously with cultural progression. The meaning of the word gossip, for example, changed several times over, from its original definition of kindred relation to its present definition of empty talk. How did this progression take shape? As society adopted new trends and beliefs, the meaning of the word gossip changed from having religious connotations to having more social connotations. The original meaning of the word gossip had strong religious undertones, implying that society and culture then were very religious-minded. Stemming from the Middle English roots "god" and "sib", the word gossip referred to a person who sponsored a baptism and shared a spiritual rapport with another. During this time period, Christianity was a newly emerging religion, and one of its most sacred rituals was baptism. It was also becoming an increasingly important part of society and culture. Undermining baptism, therefore, would have been an insult to the religion, but associating it with spirituality would have been an avowal of Christianity, a recognition of this new force in people's lives. Sponsorship of a baptism and spiritual affinity were connected primarily because religion was such a predominant force at the time. However, the word gossip progressively lost its religious connot... ... "talking about other people, even in a negative way, is not just socially useful but indispensable" (Cohen B7). Cohen's point emphasizes that the driving force behind this etymological evolution is often change in the social environment, particularly in the attitudes of the people using a certain word. Gossip in its original sense was probably used in ecclesiastical circles. As ordinary people started using the term more frequently, the word gossip started to lose its religious undercurrents and slowly gained social connotations. Used by women, the term's definition evolved to reflect an activity shared by many of them. Today, the word's derogatory sense may reflect increased cynicism among people. As Cohen points out, though, the meaning of the word gossip is likely to change, and this change hints at possible trends - and kinds of people - society will face next.

Societys Influence On Morals Essay -- essays research papers fc

Society's Influence on Morals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atrocities of the Holocaust have prompted much inquiry by researchers to understand how humans can behave so cruelly toward their fellow man. Theories have been formed that cite the men of Battalion 101 as â€Å" exceptions† or men with â€Å"faulty personalities,† when, in fact, they were ordinary men. The people who attempted to perform a genocide were the same people as you and me with the only difference being the environment in which they worked. The behavior of the men in Battalion 101 was not abnormal human behavior, rather, their actions are testament to the premise that when humans are exposed to certain environmental and psychological conditions, extreme brutality is highly apt to occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The members of the Police Battalion 101 had the same ideas and influences as the rest of the German citizens. Because of the racist teachings produced by the German government, the entire German society was uniform under the belief that they were the master race. The German were taught that anyone different from their own kind (white Anglo-Saxon Protestant) needed to be removed from their society in order for it to prosper. The Police Battalion men shared the same beliefs as everyone else, but they had to perform the dirty work of killing approximately 83,000 Jews. Christopher Browning states in his book, Ordinary Men, that, â€Å"...the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, like most of the German society, was immersed in a deluge of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda† (Browning 184). Unless placed in the Battalion men's situation, one can not fathom how a population of people can so evilly turn against another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People in every culture are susceptible to the ideas and beliefs brought upon them by propaganda. Whenever an idea is accepted as the ‘norm', people will find a way to justify it and follow it despite the evil implications it might entail. Humans have faced these situations throughout the last two centuries numerous times. For example, the American slave trading was totally acceptable to the southerners because the blacks were perceived to be lesser human beings. The slave owners did not mind controlling and abusing a slave like it was an animal since in their mind the slave was comparable to an animal. This was true in Germany with the only diffe... ...g's book, Ervin Staub made the assertion that â€Å"'cruelty is social in its origin much more than it is characterological'...most people ‘ slip' into the roles society provides them...† (167). Evil ideas and beliefs are molded onto a person by their surroundings rather than inherent in their personalities. With such a strong influence on our behavior, propaganda can lead a society to think and belief the unimaginable. The men of Police Battalion 101 are a testament to the idea that people are capable of not only thinking the unimaginable, but they can act upon it. Works Cited Bortnick, Rachel Amado. â€Å"Dallas Honors a Righteous Nation.† Dallas Jewish Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nov. 1993. Browning, Christopher R. Ordinary Men. New York: Aaron Asher Books/HarperCollins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishers, Inc., 1993. Fogelman, Eva. Conscience and Courage. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1994. Jacobs, Mike. Speech to Class. Dallas, 31 Mar. 1997. Reich, Walter. â€Å"The Men Who Pulled the Triggers.† The New York Times 12 Apr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992. Weapons of the Spirit. Writ./Dir. Pierre Sauvage. The Friends of Le Chambon. 1988. Societys Influence On Morals Essay -- essays research papers fc Society's Influence on Morals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atrocities of the Holocaust have prompted much inquiry by researchers to understand how humans can behave so cruelly toward their fellow man. Theories have been formed that cite the men of Battalion 101 as â€Å" exceptions† or men with â€Å"faulty personalities,† when, in fact, they were ordinary men. The people who attempted to perform a genocide were the same people as you and me with the only difference being the environment in which they worked. The behavior of the men in Battalion 101 was not abnormal human behavior, rather, their actions are testament to the premise that when humans are exposed to certain environmental and psychological conditions, extreme brutality is highly apt to occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The members of the Police Battalion 101 had the same ideas and influences as the rest of the German citizens. Because of the racist teachings produced by the German government, the entire German society was uniform under the belief that they were the master race. The German were taught that anyone different from their own kind (white Anglo-Saxon Protestant) needed to be removed from their society in order for it to prosper. The Police Battalion men shared the same beliefs as everyone else, but they had to perform the dirty work of killing approximately 83,000 Jews. Christopher Browning states in his book, Ordinary Men, that, â€Å"...the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, like most of the German society, was immersed in a deluge of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda† (Browning 184). Unless placed in the Battalion men's situation, one can not fathom how a population of people can so evilly turn against another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People in every culture are susceptible to the ideas and beliefs brought upon them by propaganda. Whenever an idea is accepted as the ‘norm', people will find a way to justify it and follow it despite the evil implications it might entail. Humans have faced these situations throughout the last two centuries numerous times. For example, the American slave trading was totally acceptable to the southerners because the blacks were perceived to be lesser human beings. The slave owners did not mind controlling and abusing a slave like it was an animal since in their mind the slave was comparable to an animal. This was true in Germany with the only diffe... ...g's book, Ervin Staub made the assertion that â€Å"'cruelty is social in its origin much more than it is characterological'...most people ‘ slip' into the roles society provides them...† (167). Evil ideas and beliefs are molded onto a person by their surroundings rather than inherent in their personalities. With such a strong influence on our behavior, propaganda can lead a society to think and belief the unimaginable. The men of Police Battalion 101 are a testament to the idea that people are capable of not only thinking the unimaginable, but they can act upon it. Works Cited Bortnick, Rachel Amado. â€Å"Dallas Honors a Righteous Nation.† Dallas Jewish Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nov. 1993. Browning, Christopher R. Ordinary Men. New York: Aaron Asher Books/HarperCollins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishers, Inc., 1993. Fogelman, Eva. Conscience and Courage. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1994. Jacobs, Mike. Speech to Class. Dallas, 31 Mar. 1997. Reich, Walter. â€Å"The Men Who Pulled the Triggers.† The New York Times 12 Apr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992. Weapons of the Spirit. Writ./Dir. Pierre Sauvage. The Friends of Le Chambon. 1988.

History of French Cinema Essay

The art of cinematography is supposed to be born in France. On December 28, 1885, in one of the cafe-saloons at Boulevard des Capucines in Paris a screening by Louis and Auguste Lumiere, L’Arrivee d’un train en gare de la Ciotat, was presented to general public’s attention. Along with some other early movies, including Le Voyage dans la Lune, it marked the birth of a new epoch in arts. Since those times French cinema was never on the decline. Currently, it is considered to be very developed and the next best after Hollywood. Early French movies were mostly filmed with the help of the techniques of stop-tricks, multiple exposures, substitutions and other simple special effects. At that, an important role was played by Georges Melies, an influential French movie-maker, who used to promote cinematography and involve in it many talented composers, actors and screenwriters of those times. During the 1910s numerous comedies with Max Linder gained a huge popularity worldwide. Before the World War I, overwhelming majority of cinema movie products was made in France, mainly at Pathe Freres and Gaumont Pictures. After the war, the era of poetic realism and classicism started in French cinema. Such movies as La Grande Illusion, Les Enfants du Paradis and others were reflecting post-war realities and social life. Another direction of French cinema development within the 1930s was comedy, where the contribution of Rene Clair (Le Salaire de la Peur, etc. ) was the most substantial. The movies L’Atlante and Zero de Conduite directed by Jean Vigo were the examples of further experimentations with cinema production techniques. Modern image of French cinema art started its formation after the World War II and recognition of its aftereffects. Following a series of anti-Nazi movies, during the late 1940s French directors started addressing to the problems of humanism, as well as producing a number of high-quality entertaining movies. Besides, the screenings of French literature classics, including La Charterhouse at Parma and Le Rouge et le Noir, gained a rapid worldwide popularity. But one of the central cinema works of that period of time is the movie Hiroshima Mon Amour directed by Alain Resnais. In 1946 the first International Movie Festival took place in Cannes and received the status of annual. Nowadays it is one of the most prestigious movie festivals, which give opportunity to discover new talents in cinema industry. In the beginning of the 1950s a number of gifted actors of various genres appeared in France: Brigitte Bardot, Jean Marais, Bourvil, Maria Casares, Antoine Doinel, Louis de Funes, Serge Reggiani and many others. French cinema was becoming more and more thematic and experimental. On the peak of the â€Å"new wave† in the 1950s, a lot of new directors, such as Jean-Luc Godard, Francois Truffaut, Yves Robert, Francis Veber, Claude Lelouch and Louis Malle made themselves known. The developments of that epoch are regarded to emphasizing conceptual forms of the plot. The movies of Jacques Demy, Les Parapluies de Cherbourg featuring a brilliant French actress Catherine Deneuve and Les Demoiselles de Rochefort, marked a new direction of French cinema art: cinema-musical. Within the 1960s-70s a new series of talented actors dominated in French cinema: Jean-Louis Trintignant, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Alain Delon, Annie Girardot, just to name a few. Such styles as melodrama, historical movies, classical dramatic repertoire and absurdist experimentations were developing. Also, French comedies regained their worldwide popularity due to outstanding performances of Michel Colucci, Pierre Richard and Gerard Depardieu. During the 1980s about 140 French movies became popular on global level. Modern French cinema is a very sophisticated art, in which human psychology and dramatics of the plot are always united with a little piquancy and artistic beauty. Modern directors like Luc Besson and Francois Ozon are leading the fashion. Popular actors are Jean Reno, Sophie Marceau, Audrey Tautou, and Christian Clavier. French government broadly supports the development and popularization of national cinema products.

Nursing: Health Care and Nurses Essay

The impact of institute of medicine (IOM) report on Transforming Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership. Nursing profession is an indispensible part of the healthcare system and the opportunities for a nursing career are limitless, one may choose from a number of career paths, including clinical practice, education, research, management, administration and leadership. In the midst of all these career paths, clients are the center of practice and they have wide variety of healthcare needs, experiences, vulnerabilities, and expectations. This is what makes nursing both challenging and rewarding. In other to respond and adapt to changes evolving in the health care system, there must be a transformation in nursing education, practice and leadership. Based on these changes and transformation, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), released the report â€Å"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.† This comprehensive report explores the need of the profession to adapt to changes and prepare to meet challenges that will occur as a result of the health care reform. With the recent passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), millions of Americans who were previously uninsured now find themselves with the opportunity to have access to medical care that was previously denied to them. With large number of individuals who are now able to receive primary care, there is concern as to whether or not there will be enough providers available to handle the massive increase in patient load. The reformed health care system now brings on new challenges and these challenges offer nurses the opportunity to practice with more freedom in order help close the gaps within our health care delivery system. The IOM committee formulated key messages that structure its recommendation for this transformation, focusing on the delicate ground of nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing leadership. The report has it that nurses should be able to practice their full potential and extent based on the training and the education (Transforming Practice); the nurses should be able to achieve excellence in improved system of education and as well training (Transforming Education); and nurses should partner in full with doctors and professionals in health care in the redesigning of practices (Transforming Leadership). The report based on the need to transform practice states that â€Å"Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training.† (Institute of Medicine, 2010) There is the need to allow nurses who have obtained the appropriate education, such as a masters or doctorate degree, also referred to as advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to provide primary care and not be restricted by state laws and regulations. Guidelines should be set based on their experience and competency. Transforming the practice of nursing will be beneficial in future. It will enhance quality, easy access to care, reduce waiting lines, promote health, prevent illness, and care for people of all ages and ethnicities. The ability for people to seek quality, affordable health care means nurses will be taking on new roles. The center of the health care system will be changed to primary care and prevention and will allow more advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) to take on the primary care role. Nurses will expand their scope of practice and increase their responsibilities through teaching and counseling patients about their health care problems. They will coordinate care, act as patients advocate and be able to refer patients to physicians especially those that need specialist care. One concept involved in this transformation, is providing patient-centered care in all aspects. The IOM report refers to this as nurse guided care. â€Å"The nurse providing guided care offers eight services: assessment; planning care; monitoring; coaching; chronic disease self-management; educating and supporting caregivers; coordinating transitions between providers and sites of care; and facilitating access to community services, such as Meals-on-Wheels, transportation services, and senior centers.† (IOM, 2010, p.95) This holistic approach enables the nurse to provide a level of continuity of care throughout the entire process. On the impact on education, the report stated that â€Å"the current health care system was molded around caring for individuals in acute care illness and injury situations, but as time evolves and the population ages, we have begun to notice that care has shifted to a heavier and wider variety of chronic illnesses† (National League for Nursing, 2010). It is for this reason that the IOM’s report suggest that nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training, through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression (Institute of Medicine, 2010). The first suggestion to transform nursing education involves an effort being made to encourage associate degree nurses to obtain BSN degrees by the year 2020. The report recommends five competent categories to be integrated in the nursing education. They are, patient centered care, working with other interdisciplinary teams, emphasize practice based on evidence, seeking improvement in quality, and informatics. Computer skills and information management are required for nurses in order to keep up with the technological advancement in the medical field. Higher nursing degrees provide nurses with more critical thinking skills; this will create efficiency and improved quality of care for the patient. In order to increase nursing competence, it is paramount that there is an improved education system that promotes continuous academic progression as opposed to the current disjointed system that is both archaic and ineffective. As well as increasing the percentage of nurses who attain a Baccalaureate in the Science of Nursing (BSN) to 80% by 2020, having at least 10% of BSN nurses to enter a master or doctoral program, and doubling the number of nurses who pursue doctoral degrees, the profession should institute residency training in addition to currently instrumented internship programs for novice nurses. Well trained nurses with seasoned knowledge will be able to handle the massive increase in p atient load. The reformed health care system now brings on new challenges and these challenges offer nurses the opportunity to practice with more freedom in order help close the gaps within our health care delivery system. On the leadership front, the report calls on nurses in different levels ranging from student nurses, frontline nurses, community nurses, chief nursing officers, Nurse researchers, to the nursing organizations to acquire leadership skills and competencies to work in conjunction with doctors and other health care professionals in reform effort across the healthcare settings. Nurses are called to be actively involved in leadership at all levels, to be involved in decision making and also effect policy changes in the country. This leadership skill will start as early as in school to the practice settings. Finally, this transformation on the healthcare delivery system began with the issue of change. Change threatens many, but also opens up opportunities for improvement. The ultimate issue in designing and delivering healthcare is ensuring the health of the population by widening and improving the scope of nursing practice through the use of APRN in delivering primary care. Many clients do not receive continuity of care, many clients are now able to access care since the passage of the Affordable care act, so nurses in all levels and settings should be better prepared to deal with the challenges in healthcare. Many healthcare organizations are changing how they provide their services, reduce unnecessary cost, improve access to care and try to provide high quality client care. Professional nursing is an important player in effecting these changes listed above through transformation in their education, practice and active participation in leadership as advocated in the report. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2011). Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice. Washington, DC: Author Cresaia, J., & Friberg, E. (2010) Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to professional Nursing Practice. (5th ed). St Louis, MO: Elsevier. Institute Of Medicine. (2004). In the nation’s compelling interest: Ensuring diversity in the health care workforce. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Institute Of Medicine. (2010) â€Å"The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010).† Retrieved November 8, 2012 from http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx National League for Nursing. (2010) Nursing education research: Graduations from RN programs. Accessed November 8, 2012 from http://www.nln.org/research/slides/topic_graduations_rn.htm

War photographer and war photograph

In the poems ‘war photographer’ and ‘war photograph’ the audience are presented with two poems which express the feelings of the authors towards war. I will be comparing these two poems to find the differences between the narrators feelings. Kate Daniels poem is told through the voice of an American citizen looking in a magazine at a war photograph. Whereas, Carol Ann-Duffy’s poem is about a war photographer developing the photos, that he took previously, in a darkroom. In the poem ‘war photograph’, we get the impression that the poem is narrated by a woman. We see this because the narrator shows compassion and is more sympathetic. We’re feeling sorry for her’. Women usually show more compassion and sympathy than men, and we know that the author is female, so it is more of a direct viewpoint. She is displaying her views and compassion through the character. However, in the poem ‘War photographer’, we know that a man is narrating it as it refers to a ‘he’; ‘In his dark room, he is finally alone’. In ‘War photograph’ she feels detached from the child as she keeps referring to the distance between them, she feels helpless for the child. She is also appalled at the war as it is killing so many innocent people ‘being appalled at the war’. The war photographer is also appalled at the war, as he has to see the horrific sights everyday; ‘he remembers the cries of this man’s wife. ’ He is scarred by the things he has seen. We are told ‘he is finally alone’ as if he has been running away from something and now he is happy to be away from the war. ‘Solutions stop in trays beneath his hands which did not tremble then, though seem to now’, this tells us that he did not have the full effect of his surroundings and the horror of it all, but now that he is alone and the photos are slowly developing, he can take it in, and really look at what was there and how terrible it was. This is different to war photograph, as in that poem, the woman can only imagine the horror that’s there. She only knows what’s in the picture and doesn’t have the memories and stay behind getting the picture which has more of an impact. As it isn’t her country or people she’s knows fighting, she has no personal involvement in the war and is merely just an observer, like her character. Both poems describe our lack of care and compassion for the people suffering in the war and the horrific state some of them are in. However, in ‘war photograph’ it describes in detail how she feels and gives an emotional response. In war photographer, Kate Daniels uses lots of language devices and effects, such as oxymoron’s, rhetorical questions and repetition. She repeats the word ‘running’ throughout to add emphasis on the fact that she is running away from the destruction and devastation around her. ‘She is running from the smoke’ ‘She is also running from the Gods’ ‘She is running – my God – to us’. It resembles her desperate attempt to run away from the bombs going off behind her. She uses rhetorical questions ‘how can she know what we really are? ’ She uses ‘what’ instead of ‘who’ as we look like war hungry soldiers, the Americans are responsible for this picture. We seem not human. Rhetorical questions also make us think more and reflect on what we have done. It engages the reader. In War Photographer Duffy uses repetition in her poem on the words ‘he’ and ‘his’. The photographer doesn’t have a name and the use of these words makes us feel more detached from him as we don’t know his name and we don’t feel familiar with him. We are given the feeling of detachment in the poem ‘war photograph’ by using imagery ’10,000 miles away’ ‘In another world’ ‘on another Continent’. She is far away and we feel helpless. Kate Daniels makes us look past the picture. ‘She keeps on running, you know, after the shutter of the camera clicks’. She is telling us that everything doesn’t just become better after the photo has been taken, the girl is still homeless and running for help. Imagery is used in the poem, ‘naked child’. We get the image of a naked child, which shows vulnerability and the fact that it is a child makes us feel sorrier for her, as she can’t look after herself. ‘A naked child is running’; because she is running, we know she is scared of something, which makes us even more pitiful towards her. ‘She is also running from the God’s’ this is extraordinary as God is seen as someone to turn to for help, not to run away from, God is never on the losing side. ‘the God’s who have changed the sky to fire’. We realise that there is lots of destruction and fire around, it makes us imagine that the sky is orange with fire. As she says ‘God’s’ she must not be a Christian, as Christians only believe in one God. Imagery is used in ‘war photographer’ by using metaphors ‘A strangers features faintly start to twist before his eyes, a half formed ghost. ’ He uses this metaphor to describe the pictures being formed, it makes us see it more vividly and feel as if we’re there. ‘Solutions slop in trays beneath his hands’, this if course is talking about the developing liquid in the tray, however, solutions has two meanings and this could suggest the solution of the war, which of course, he doesn’t have. In black-and-white’ is suggests the pictures are in monochrome, but it could also mean the comparison of good and evil from both sides of the war, this is allegory. ‘All flesh is grass’, we think of grass as fresh and bright, this juxtaposes the flesh that he compares it to. Flesh is rotting and means death and devastation , whereas grass is alive. It covers the Earth, meaning that if flesh is grass then flesh must be covering the Earth under his feet. Alliteration is used in ‘war photographer’, for examples; repetition of the letter ‘s’ – ‘she . . . smoke . . . soldiers . . . sister’. The repeating of the letter ‘s’ makes it seem harsh as it’s a harsh letter to pronounce, this resembles the harsh effects of the war. This technique is also used in ‘war photographer’ ‘Something is happening. A strangers features faintly start to twist before his eyes. ’ Repetition of the letter ‘s’ makes it seem harsh and negative, just like the war. ‘Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ This is tripling and alliteration. He says the cities in a blase way, it is just another city he’s seen and he doesn’t care about them , he just says them like the clicker of his camera – fast and sharp. This is intertextuality as it refers to something known, Duffy tries to bring alive the thought of war which makes it more tangible and easier to relate to. As war photographer is written by a woman, the poem is more sympathetic. ‘We’re feeling sorry for her’, as the character in the poem, we are guessing, is also a woman, she can give direct opinions on the war. The poem ‘war photographer’ starts off with the line ‘In his darkroom, he is finally alone’. This tells us straight away that he wanted to be alone, he must want to get away from something. The key word here is finally as it depicts the fact that he has been waiting to be alone for a while. This also shows that he has no emotional attachment to where he has come from, and as though he didn’t want to help the people suffering in the war, just to get back to the peace and quiet of his studio. He states the places that he has been to in a blase way that also makes it seem as though he has no emotional attachment to the places but just tells them as if they mean nothing ‘Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ He states them with full stops between them, so you say them quicker, but you have to pause in between each city. These short sentences also juxtapose the long sentence that was used before, ‘The only light is red and softly glows, as though this were a church and he a priest preparing to intone a mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. ’ She does this to emphasise how blase the cities are, as she has put no affection into describing the cities. ‘All flesh is grass. ’ This short sentence tells us about the horror that there is flesh pummelled into the Earth and how gory the settings are around him. Grass is usually so fresh, clean and full of life, yet it juxtaposes with the rotting, bloody flesh that surrounds him. He says it shortly, with no description of what effect that had on him, or any distress it may have caused. It seems like the horrible things he has seen have no impact on him, or they do, but as he is a man he does not want to sound ‘soppy’ or ‘soft’. The fact that it says ‘He has a job to do’ backs up the fact that the surroundings don’t have an impact on him and he only gets the picture and leaves, he doesn’t get any feelings towards these people, he just wants the money. He describes that he must do the job whether he likes it or not, ‘to do what someone must’. This gives the impression that he realises he cannot get emotionally attached as it is only a job and he needs to do it on a daily basis. He doesn’t particularly want to do the job, but he has to, as many people don’t want to do it. ‘The readers eyeballs prick with tears between bath and pre-lunch beers’ this shows that the author is trying to get out a point of view that even though it may affect you for a little bit, unless you were the one of the people who actually got injured in the war, or lost somebody close to you because of it, you won’t be affected by the war. In the poem ‘war photograph’, the author seems to try and get the message across that no matter how far away from the war you are, it will always have an impact on you. She describes this well as the poem about the effect a photograph has on a woman, the woman being herself. ‘All over the country we’re feeling sorry for her and being appalled at the war’. This line is similar to Carol Ann Duffy’s line about the reader’s eyeballs pricking with tears. Kate Daniels relates the poem to us using ‘we’re’; this makes us feel as though we are more involved in the poem. Its describing how we are affected even though we are no way near the war zone, and probably don’t know the people involved in it either. Daniels feels sorry for the girl and realises how terrible we are to let this happen in the first place ‘How can she know what we really are? ’ She is so horrified at us that she says ‘what’ instead of ‘who’, as if we are some war hungry monsters. She thinks that we should be ashamed of ourselves for letting this happen. ‘From the distance, we look so terribly human’. Carol Ann Duffy clearly feels something in common with the subject of war. She uses her own opinions and experiences through the character to explain her views of how us British people just sit and look at the pictures but don’t know the reality of the situation. She judges the photographer as both a priest and a journalist. She uses a simile which compares him to a priest, this shows us how seriously he takes his job and also how he stands up for those who cannot help themselves. She describes his studio to resemble a church with a dim red light, which could resemble a lantern, which most churches have. The image is also suitable as he tries to get the message across how fragile life is. She has a passion for the war and feels that we do not think about the suffering enough. The reader’s response to the pictures in the paper, do not affect the people in the war, however, the sufferers of the war still let him take pictures to show other countries what is happening to them. We only get affected for a little while, but soon enough, we have forgotten about the tragedies out there. Kate Daniels tries to get the message across to us that no matter how far away from the war you are, there is always some way you will get attached. She makes reference throughout the poem on how detached she is from the war, but she still describes the impact it has on her. She gets her feelings across directly through the character in the poem as they are both female so she can get her opinions through. The picture has a lasting impression on her, we know this because she thinks to herself about the picture and asks rhetorical questions ‘how can she know what we really are? ’. A modern audience reading ‘war photographer’ would feel sorry for the war victims as we just do not know the reality of the situation they are in, but as in the poem suggests, we will have forgotten about it soon enough. A modern audience reading ‘war photograph’ would also feel sorry for the war victims. We feel especially sorry for the little girl in the poem as she is young and helpless. Daniels describes this picture as it shows a vulnerable and feeble young girl, which we feel more sympathetic towards. She does this to get the message across of how bad the war is that it is harming young children that aren’t even taking part in the war. Both poems try to show us the horror of the war and how it should have an impact on you. In ‘war photographer’ she describes how we will just forget about it and care about other things instead, whereas in ‘war photograph’ she describes how it will have a lasting impression on you. In both poems, the authors get their opinions across through their character, which gives a more honest opinion. We know that no matter how far we are away from the war, it will always have an effect on us, whether or not it is temporary or permanent.

Adolescent Psychological Disorder: Depression Essay

Depression is a common psychological disorder which is more likely to be experienced by young people. Although this psychological disorder could be manifested in all age range, studies show that individuals who are in their adolescence to early adulthood stage have greater tendency to feel depress (Costell, Swendsen & Rose, 173, 2008). This disorder is often accompanied by feelings of sadness, despair or hopelessness which eventually causes a person to become isolated among the other individuals. Several issues regarding the frequency of depression occurrence had been studied by researchers. It is said that the rate of depression is determined by the differences in gender, race and ethnicity. This claim suggests that women are more likely to experience depression than men and the same holds regarding the issue of ethnicity and race. Thus, the whites were less to experience depression than the minority (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1300, 2007). Most of the time sadness and depression is interchangeably used. While it is true that depression is a product of intense sadness, one must know the distinction between these two. As to elaborate a little, the feeling of sadness has less damaging effect and usually last within a short period of time. Individuals learn to let go of this feeling at a much faster phase while people who embrace this feeling for a long time would eventually develop the depression disorder. Two types of depression basically arise, that is, major depression and minor depression (dysthymia). The degree or state of depression varies as an individual ages. The major depression disorder usually last in a short period of time but is basically more severe than the other type. The consequences that depression posed on one’s individuality are essential consideration to be reflected on. Most of these consequences are harmful and can bring damaging effect to the life of an individual thus thorough understanding of this psychological disorder would impose a great advantage. Causes of Depression Occurrence of depression is brought by numerous factors. Events, people, the environment as well as genetic factors contribute to the incidence of depression. In this paper, three causes of depression from different studies conducted would be discussed. Some of these causes of can eventually be modified while some are not liable to change. Nutrition was viewed to have a vital contribution to depression. (Shariatpanaahi et al, 532, 2007). It is established that the mental and cerebral mechanisms are being affected due to nutrient deficiencies therefore resulting to mood disorders including depression. Prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia was viewed to have certain contribution to depression. The study conducted by Shariatpanaahi and his colleagues looked at the association between serum ferritin level and depression. Their study resulted that students who are experiencing depression have lower serum ferritin level than the healthy ones (Shariatpanaahi et al, 534, 2007). With reference to the result generated, lower serum ferritin level which indicates minimal presence of iron in the body was viewed to have a vital role in the brain function and in the establishment of depression. The stressful experience of college freshmen to their new environment inside the learning place could also trigger depression. Being in an unfamiliar environment is a stressful event that brings a sense of discomfort (Dyson and Renk, 1231, 2006). Accompanying this feeling of discomfort is the change on depression symptomatology that they experience. Being in their transition stage towards adulthood, stress and depression were showed to be greatly triggered. Race and ethnicity is also viewed for depressive symptoms to occur. The study conducted by Brown and his colleagues (2007) resulted that different race-ethnic groups (including Hispanics, Asians, Blacks and whites) shows different level of depressive symptoms. In their study, the whites showed the lowest level of such symptoms while the Hispanics and Asians showed the highest. The level of depressive symptoms among the blacks falls between the whites and the two other race-ethnic groups (1300). Explanation for the occurrence of such depressive symptoms are said to be interconnected with the mental health and stressful experiences of these different minority groups. The location or condition of the Hispanics, Asians and Blacks in the society greatly contributes to their depression. Most of these groups, as well as their family, belongs to the lower class in the society thus receiving minimal benefits in terms of health care and tends to dwell in neighborhoods which are characterized as unsafe (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1298, 2007). Upon the exposure of these race-ethnic groups to these conditions, the depression disorder develops and is heightened. Symptoms of Depression Basically the most obvious symptom of depression is an intense feeling of sadness manifested most of the time. Different symptoms are expressed by individuals in different age brackets as well as different instances or conditions of these individuals in the society. Taking in consideration the study conducted by Brown and his colleagues, symptoms of depression manifested by the race-ethnic minority includes anxiety and a sense of inferiority (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1307, 2007). For new colleges trying to be familiar and adapting to their new environment, behaviors including a depressed mood or sadness most of the time (being away from their parents), irritability, inability to enjoy things and inability to concentrate are apparent (Dyson and Renk, 1234, 2006). Other symptoms that are most likely associated with depression includes withdrawal from friends and family, significant weight loss or gain, change in sleep patterns, pessimism and indifference, feeling tired, feeling numb emotionally and the worst is entertaining the thought of death or suicide. Effects of the Disorder Depression, if not given thorough attention could bring the worst effect to an individual. How an individual responds to the feeling of depression determines the effect of the disorder in his actions (Nolen-Hoeksema, 569, 1991). The feeling of depression is more likely to bring about negative thoughts in an individual’s mind. With these thoughts in mind, negative emotions would also be triggered. Entertaining such thoughts and emotions would bring distraction in one’s health, education, work and relationship with other people. Adolescence performance in school tends to decline as a result of depression (Dyson and Renk, 1234, 2006). Because of their inability to concentrate or focus on the lessons being thought in the learning place, their grades used to decline. Academic failures, school dissatisfaction as well as negative relationship with teachers and other students may take place. Depressed individuals seem to be pre-occupied with their thought of being depressed therefore interfering with their capability to think critically, perform well and socialized with other individuals in the learning place. Such scenario is true in the work place. Because of the disorder, individuals are more likely to be out of focus on their work thus they are more likely to accomplish lesser job (or they do not accomplish anything at all) within a given period. This type of behavior in the workplace would bring unwanted effects on the part of the individual as well as in the company. This could also lead to an individual’s dismissal in the job. Again, such dismissal would only trigger further depression and could bring forth to a worst event. Depressed individuals also shows attitude of wanting to be alone. Sharing one’s frustration (which eventually causes the prevalence of depression) with his family is sometimes hard to do. This ultimately contribute to a reduce interaction and may develop poor family relationship. Sometimes, depressed adolescent causes negative confrontation between parents as well as between siblings. Psychiatric hospitalization can also occur among adolescence if the level of depression is severe (Herman and Ostrander, 484, 2007). Some depressed individuals tend to be engaged in accidents in roads. They tend to drive recklessly thus resulting to several body impairments (Nolen-Hoeksema, 570, 199). Such action of reckless and violent driving is a means to pour out the feeling of depression. However, Nolen-Hoeksema argued that the relief from depression through this action is only for a short run. Coping up with Depression Several therapies and combination of these therapies are being suggested by psychologists as well as doctors to cope up with depression. In the study conducted by Nolen-Hoeksema, 570, 1991), she suggested the used of distractive response as a way to cope up with depression. In this response, adolescence experiencing depression are encourage to draw their attention to other things such as engaging in activity with friends or doing a hobby. In this way, Nolen-Hoeksema hypothesized that an individual would tend be distracted and would somehow overcome his feeling of depression. Guidance and support of family members (especially support from mothers) is also a means to help adolescence to cope up with depression. The multi family group approach (Lemmmens et al, 51, 2007) is greatly encouraged. This approach is concern to provide the needs of the patient and also guides the family to stand the difficulties of depression that are experience by the family as a whole. Fostering interaction between the patient and members of his family would put the patient at ease. Recognizing the fact that his family is there to support him and guide him all through out would lessen his burden and would therefore aid in treating depression. Cognitive therapy was also studied to aid in the treatment of depression (Beevers and Miller, 68, 2005). The result of there study shows that the used of mentioned therapy ‘may help patients to deal more functionally to their negative thoughts. ’ As stated on the discussion regarding the effects of depression, negative thoughts are said to be the driving force in which depression arises. Effectively managing these negative would lessen the occurrence of the disorder. This type of approach or therapy is basically more of prevention rather than treatment. Nevertheless, its efficiency in the control of depression is noteworthy. Conclusion  Depression is brought about by several factors faced by an individual in the society. Although this psychological disorder is somewhat inevitable and is said to be a common disorder, prevention and treatments should be provided. As to any other physical or psychological diseases, severe state of depression could bring unwanted and detrimental effect to the individual himself as well as to other people. Manifestation of symptoms of this psychological disorder must be taken in deep consideration. The stage of adolescence undeniably entails a lot of stress that could somehow cause an individual to incur depression. Adolescents are vulnerable to changes because different emotional as well as physiological activities are happening within their body. It is therefore important to be considerate and out lay the necessary actions to guard the adolescents to the threats of depression. Involvement of parents and other family members in preventing and treating the said disorder is greatly encourage. Other therapies should also be considered as a treatment for this disorder. Thorough understanding of the causes, symptoms and treatments of depression would be of great significant. The harm that this disorder imposes to adolescents is truly alarming. Its effects on the individual’s well-being and activities are disturbing. Psychologists together with other medical researchers are continuously finding ways to lessen the occurrence of this disorder. Thus, in order for their efforts to efficiently work, a collaborative support from the society is needed. The society should not undermine the effects of depression but instead thorough knowledge regarding this disorder as well as the harm that accompanies it must be explained and made clear.