The Price For A Barrel Of Oil - 1408 Words

Currently the price for a barrel of oil is around 33 American dollars. However, around 2010 the price of a barrel was approaching 150 American dollars, which caused the drivers of crude oil to lose money. In addition, everyone had to pay more for gasoline, but now it has become a more reasonable price. In Michigan, the company named Atlas began to struggle when gasoline prices reached an all-time high with their employees. The employees typically were paid by how many loads they were able to drop into the ground. Due to the gasoline prices being so high, the drivers were losing money every week because no one was purchasing the gasoline. Therefore, many employees that had been with the company for several years started to leave and go with†¦show more content†¦Now granted the new employees would only make a smaller percentage extra per load, but it was better than making less than $300 a day. At times, the drivers were making $150 a day and putting in a full eight hours, whi ch is very frustrating when they had previously been making a higher amount with less amount of time spent in the truck. In order for the company to survive, the resource department then decided that the cost of healthcare would be cut as well as sick days and vacation time. Therefore, the company in essence did not lose a lot of money by changing how to pay the employees. They just changed the overall benefits to the drivers. The company decided to offer an insurance that is either an HMO or a point of service plan, thus saving the company millions of dollars in healthcare costs. However, the drivers lost the ability to go to any physician because the PPO plan was taken away. Furthermore, the company would take away the drivers vacation days before for their sick days, thus ensuring the driver could not take a vacation. On the other hand, the drivers were still paid around the same amount of money that they used to be making, but the benefits that were offered were cut dramatically. Therefore, the employee had to weigh out whether it was worth having a better health insurance and vacation time to how much

Domestic Violence Within Families And Relationships

Most men are the causes of domestic violence within families and relationships? 2.INTRODUCTION This is an investigation into the types of domestic violence that occurs in our everyday lives within families in most cases this is unreported particularly in relationships and families. Family violence is any abusive behaviour in a family or intimate relationship where one person attempts to gain and maintain control over another. Gaining control over the other person is commonly gained through the use of violence which can come in various forms particularly by ex boyfriends, ex spouses, with young women who are separated or divorced incurring the greatest risk of assault. From my research I have seen that domestic violence decreases as women grow older and young women incur 10 times more risk than the older women. Family violence can take many forms including emotional violence, sexual abuse, and physical abuse (fighting and bruising), social or financial control which involves another person restricting the other to go out for social gatherings or controlling the other person’s funds or not providing financial support at all. Abuse comes in many various forms and it is important to keep in mind that abuse is not only physical or sexual to be regarded as violence. Violence can be caused by either men or women but from conducting several researches I realised most violence is caused by men particularly in relationships and families as most men find it hard to control theirShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Domestic Violence on Children661 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1 There are many consequences of not taking a strong stance against domestic abuse and the later impact on the children in the situation. Even if the children are not involved in the actual abuse, they are still negatively impacted by the presence of domestic violence in their households (Osofsky 1990). When abuse is condoned or ignored in a domestic relationship, children can begin to assume that is a normal occurrence, which can be a concept they carry with them for the rest of theirRead MoreDomestic Violence Essay - Cathy Simpson1022 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic violence is mainly physical, but also psychological, sexual or financial violence that happens within a family or a family type relationship. The main pattern that occurs within domestic violence is gender. The most common form of domestic violence is the abuse of women by men. 1 in 4 women has been assaulted by a partner at some time in her life time, 1 in 8 repeatedly so. Groups in society most at risk of domestic violence include children, people in lower social classes, those livingRead MoreThe Postmodern Theory Of Narrative Therapy Interventions1594 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication (Chang Nylund, 2013). Thus, postmodernism hypothesizing that since reality can be constructed by society, it can also be reconstructed or reframed using language. A major interventions that does this within postmodernism is narrative therapy approach, which can help address domestic violence. In narrative therapy interventions, clients are asked organize their experiences in narrative that puts them as the protagonist of their own story (Dybicz, 2012). By doing this the individual is able toRead MoreAbuse and Violence Domestic Violence1550 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor  Kelli  Gilbert   Prejudice  Ã‚  Discrimination         Domestic  Violence  Ã‚         Domestic   Violence   Against   Women   is   a   global   issue   reaching   across   national   boundaries   as   well   as   socio ­economic,   cultural,   racial   and   class   distinctions.   It   is   a   problem   without    frontiers.   Not  only   is  the  problem  widely   dispersed   geographically,   but   its   incidence  is   also   extensive,  making  it  a  typical  and  accepted  behavior.  Only  recently,   within  the   past   twenty ­five  years,   has   the  issue  been  brought  into  the  open  as  a  field  of  Read MoreDomestic Violence At Affordable Price Please Use Custom Research Paper1276 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence Research Paper This sample domestic violence research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Free research papers, are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on domestic violence at affordable price please use custom research paper writing services. This sample research paper on domestic violence features: 7200+Read MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Victims And Varies1700 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition, strengths and limitations, and occurrence Domestic violence as a form of trauma can have an impact on victims and varies in the form in which it occurs. Domestic violence can occur directly to an individual or family or indirectly as exposure to domestic violence. The Department of Justice defines domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive behavior in a relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner†. According to CrossRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women : Statistical Analysis1595 Words   |  7 Pageschose to use the following articles for this purposes which are Hackett s 2011 article, Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India, and Hunter and Graham-Bermann s 2013 article, Intimate Partner Violence and Child Adjustment: Moderation by Father Contact?. Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India The hypotheses for â€Å"Domestic Violence Against Women: Statistical Analysis of Crimes Across India† article was developed by reviewingRead More Domestic Violence in Canada1662 Words   |  7 PagesViolence has become prevalent within society; it is something the western world has learned to accept. With every minute that passes Canadians come face to face with certain acts of violence they may not have previously encountered (citation). Although, violence is not a subject that one can escape, women and children have unfortunately become the prime victims of violent acts. The media glorifies violence in other countries around the world it fails to address the presence of violence within CanadaRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Act910 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence affects millions of Americans in different circumstances annually. Over the years, the numbers of reported cases of domestic violence gained stable growth prompting social activists and legislators to draw stiff measures to counter the problem. About one in four women are affected by domestic violence in the United States. The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that at least four-hundred and seven-thousand incidents of domestic violence crimes were committed in the year 2010Read MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence, also labeled as family violence and intimate-partner violence, is psychological, physical and sexual violence that takes place within home environment. Adults and children can both be victims. Domestic violence is a major human rights issue across the world, and one of New Zealand’s most serious social issues. One in three women in Aotearoa will experience an abusive relationship, with many more coming dangerously close. Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wanting

Comparative Analysis of Factors Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Analysis of Factors Marketing. Answer: Introduction Currently, the technology has remained indispensable tool most companies are utilizing to enhance their competitive edge (Centeno Hart, 2012). Besides human resource practices, most companies have tripled the efforts asserted to gain a deeper understanding of the current consumer behavior and provide products and services that completely tally with users expectations (Greg, 2007). The objective to gain a significant market share has not been easy because of various factors that sharp across the internal and external metrics. With the advancements in technology, the marketing techniques are rapidly changing. Some of the justifications unfolded by several types of research for the change include the accessibility of a wide range of data, marketing formats and online places that have enhanced the integration of digital marketing channels (Centeno Hart, 2012). The embrasure of social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter has redefined the current marketing approaches. The marketing practices have been simplified to the level small and medium scale enterprises can afford some to reach the target markets. Technology, therefore, has positively shaped marketing and promotional techniques that have fostered the application of IMC that plays a critical role in ensuring that all the target population is timely reached (Chen et al., 2007). In gaining an in-depth understanding of the effects of technology on marketing communications, a literature review is performed. Furthermore, the report has extended to cover the relevance of marketing communications in creating competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises. For the assessment to be realistic, one company is selected among the SMEs in Singapore to reflect the unquantifiable contributions technology has played in keeping different companies competitive. Literature review The tremendous change in the level of technological advancement has spurred interest in most scholars who have launched a mission of getting the full comprehension of the plight of technology in enhancing organizations success (Nagra et al., 2012). Currently, technology has facilitated the combined use of traditional types of marketing with online advertising to achieve efficient conveyance of brand messages to the prospective customers (Jarvinen et al., 2012). Also, the degree of use of the contemporary Integrated Marketing Communication tool by companies has intensified as a result of the dynamic and revolutionary change in the commercialization and sales promotion practices (Centeno Hart, 2012). The internet, however, is mostly epitomized to convey marketing messages to the existing and prospective product users. Contrary to the ancient period when cinemas, shows, and exhibition were used to showcase companies products, Social media, emails, search engines, display advertising and the mobile advertising have currently emerged and proved to be effective when used by corporations to convey persuading and value messages to the public (Dinner et al., 2014). Apparently, technological advancements have played a critical role in facilitating the multi-channel strategy of marketing and gives a broad access to potential consumers. Evidently, the cost of Internet marketing is cheaper compared to other methods hence the best for small sized businesses (Chen et al., 2007). Today, companies have accorded different objectives on the internet communications that include; creating awareness, generation of interest, disseminating the brand and company information and the gaining a greater co nsideration in the competitive market (Weinberg, 2009). Unlike the traditional forms that primarily focused on the educational objective. At the initial stages, there was the use web marketing like the e-commerce, the affiliate marketing, and the search engines. As time moved, the email marketing was introduced and further the social media marketing where sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and the Digg are heavily used by companies to enhance the IMC approach (Rezvani et al., 2012). In late 1996, there was the growing interest by businesses to apply IMC creating a comparative advantage. This need arose when companies desired to provide more than just advertising (Belch, 2014). The emergence of the IMC marketing tool in the 1990s signaled a new era in the marketing industry where it became a tool where every retailer and user turned a focus on it. Apparently, various changes have occurred from the introduction of IMC to date. The recent advancement in technology and the rapid proliferation has revolutionized the IMC to give it a better meaning (Belch, 2014). This concept of Integrated Marketing in the modern business environment where competition for customers is the order of the day has involved the interconnectedness of various sophisticated tools just to ensure a company achieves marketing objectives (Bengtsson et al., 2007). With globalization in play, most companies no longer worry about geographical barriers and a company can operate at any market provided it can ethically compete with others to meet the ever-changing desires of the consumers (Greg, 2007). Apparently, a technological breakthrough has redefined the application of various marketing and promotional tools and enhanced coordination in the way they are applied (Pomirleanu, 2013). It has become a culture that during the planning process, the organization usually considers the workability of combining several forms of marketing and promotion for a common goal. For instance, during the launch of a new product, a joint use of promotional tools is important. They include; Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, Internet marketing, direct marketing, publicity, print and broadcast media, out of home media, word of mouth, point purchase, events, and sponsorships and product placements are considered (Nagra et al., 2012). However, the application of various marketing and promotional tools is not a guarantee of success. It can either be informative or just a winning strategy. The success and pretty impression can be achieved through other factors like quality and the alignment of the product or service with customers preferences. As time is always variable, so do customers. The fast changing needs are fashion and quality oriented rather than the convictions and promotional strategies applied by sales persons (Belch, 2014). Indeed, the marketers usually disseminate the information regarding the product to attract users. Afterward, the few who purchases and use the product will examine if the marketing message accorded to the product tally (Dinner et al., 2014). The differences in quality at the disadvantage of the buyer can consequently result in reduced market share, derailed company reputation and the IMC strategy adopted will be futile. The available scholarly writings significantly advocate that mar keting should reflect intent to inform, attract, persuade and maintain customers and it imperatively depends on product quality and promotional mix employed (Abid and Scheepers, 2011). The adoption of internet marketing as a medium of communication gives companies an opportunity to use advanced technological methods procedures and methods to enhance effective delivery of quality products to customers. Such changes significantly contribute to the creation of awareness and generating interest due to the ability to cross both the geographical and the national boundaries (Kraus et al., 2009). Dissemination of information concerning product features and establishing a strong brand and company image are important factors that organizations focus on as they formulate marketing strategies. However the management, in the past has failed to integrate and coordinate all the marketing and communication tools properly. They do not recognize the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the significance of installing marketing software programs that facilitate instant customer feedbacks (Fan Tsai, 2014). Incorporation of relevant marketing communication channels by the organization is a strategy that leads to a broad access to the target market (Abid and Scheepers, 2011). The increased use of the internet by billion groups of people in the world provides an opportunity for marketers to reach more customers in a short period. It is easy to make several advertisements concerning a product on the website portfolio through the interstitials and banners. Such programs are convenie nt, and the company is assured of elegant communications. The internet is the best medium of a marketing channel that helps in availing all the information concerning the company and its products to the buyers (Kraus et al., 2009). Despite the positive outcomes resulting from the use of online marketing, there several limitations associated with it such as Firms incur high costs of starting a website, purchasing of the right software and hardware and the maintenance costs. The risk of losing customers who do not use the internet is a challenge that the management of organizations should continuously consider before establishing appropriate marketing strategies. Lastly, the vulnerability of the fraudulent activities is high on the internet (Chaffey Patron, 2012). For example spamming in the websites of companies, where hackers steal confidential information of the enterprise. They use such data to change the features of a product and distract the perception of customers regarding brand identity and image. The development of electronic commerce has facilitated online buying and selling of goods and services (Rezvani et al., 2012). It accelerates convenience and helps in providing a variety of property from which customers can make their selection (Fan Tsai, 2014). Another concept that has resulted from the technology advancement is the Web 2.0 that allows customers to participate in branding the image of a company in the form of content contribution and reading. Such developments ensure convenience and greater access to information by clients and also offers a wider product selection forum with lower prices (Jovanov Conevska, 2011). Technology changes have led to a significant improvement in the marketing field used by organizations. There is a simplification of the overall production process distribution and message delivery channels for goods and services to the customers (Ahmed et al., 2014). In gaining competitive advantage, firms should properly integrate all the marketing communication tools and align them with their goals and objectives. Hence, proper situation analysis, budgeting and evaluation tactics are the measures that can facilitate proper application of the developments discussed above. Analysis of how developed marketing communications benefit Osim International Osim International is a retail and distribution company whose main products are massage chairs and fitness equipment. It was established by Ron Sim who is the current CEO of the company, and the main headquarter is situated in Singapore. The firm has an overwhelming performance as it is the leader in the healthcare products industry with a total of 827 retail outlets (Pentina et al., 2012). The strong performance is as a result of good market reception by the targeted audience. The vision of Osim International is to become a globally recognized leader in the distribution of healthy lifestyle products, while the mission is to inspire the well-being of the community by motivating people to focus on their health and challenge them to do their best to ensure the fitness of the body. The healthcare industry is competitive, and the customers prefer products whose features and new updates improve their health, well-being and enhances total fitness (Jovanov Conevska, 2011). Osim International uses celebrity marketing, where the Hong Kong superstars create awareness of the existing and new company products. Such marketing approach leads to increase in sales and also high return on investment. It also focuses on profitability by making sure that they bring in new customers and keep the existing ones by offering a wide selection of healthy lifestyle products mainly the massage chairs (Gassmann Keupp, 2007). In pricing their products, the company bases their decision on the substitute products offered by their primary competitors such as Ottawa and Otto. Despite the competitive pricing in the industry, customers still prefer products from Osim due to the high quality and creation of customer value. Building good reputations and loyal clienteles aids in ensuring that there is accelerated growth of business operations. The way marketing personnel convey their messages to the public should be monitored through the active application of the modern marketing to ols. Therefore it is necessary for the Osim International to adapt to the technological changes in the business environment which will, in turn, lead to gaining a high competitive advantage in the healthcare industry (Diamond, 2008). The healthcare industry in the modern world is highly competitive, and the customers prefer products and services whose features and new updates improve their health, well-being and ensures fitness (Jovanov Conevska, 2011). The adoption of online marketing can give rise to a superior product differentiation. To achieve a greater competitive advantage, the managers of Osim International should improve their marketing efforts in the following ways; carrying out an online assessment of their target audience, developing a proper marketing plan and facilitating branding and public relations promotions (Chen et al., 2007). The enterprise should ensure there is the intensive use of the electronic commerce through the firms website which promotes the online buying and selling of products both locally and internationally (Chaffey Patron, 2012). The maximum use of the modern internet advertising forms can help reach more target audience. As a result, the Osim brand and image enhances due to creation value and awareness of the available products. The achievement of the stakeholders interests in the e-commerce is a benefit facilitated by the developments in the modern technology (Diamond, 2008). Osim International should put more efforts on establishing new technological methods of production and distribution channels that can enhance the relationship between the company, its employees, customers and other businesses in the industry. Such bond is important as it facilitates the formulation of collaborations, partnerships, alliances or amalgamations (Gassmann, Keupp, 2007). Advancement in the methods and procedures of marketing gives it an opportunity to vary the promotional mix elements through the electronic forums like the e-mail, bulletin boards and the Web. The implementation of the current marketing channels facilitates efficient conveyance of product quality and features to the public. The social media network interactions facilitate engagement of customers through the online games and contests (Ahmed et al., 2014). There is a frequent communication between the Osim marketing personnel and the users thus building a strong bond between the firms and their clients. The internet is the branding medium that leads to easy access to the target audience through the banners, pop-ups, and links. Online personal selling and promotion help corporate communicators to boost their brand identity and sales and therefore to give them a greater position to outdo the competitors (Cronin-Gilmore, 2012). Small and medium-sized enterprises often develop communication plans that are cost effective and which focuses on the needs of the desired audience. To achieve their goals and objectives, they should integrate all the marketing communication channels (Dlodlo Dhurup, 2013). The application of a variety of communication tools leads to an in-depth definition and consistency of the messages conveyed to the prospective buyers. The enforcement of the marketing communication mix in Osim International leads to the accountability of all the parties involved. The concept of viral marketing is emerging in the small and medium-sized enterprises. It leads to the establishment of appropriate promotion campaigns (Abed and Sahar, 2010). This trend aims at different marketing methods like the mass marketing, one-to-one marketing, and direct marketing with the goal of ensuring convenience and efficient delivery of promotional objectives. Conclusion In conclusion, technology has positively and negatively impacted the marketing communication channels in different organizations. Therefore, firms should develop marketing strategies and measures that facilitate customer loyalty and satisfaction. Such step gives a company to have a significantly high competitive edge in the industry in which it carries out its business activities. As a result, meaningful product features and benefits are delivered to clients and promotion of the brand name and image of an organization. Incorporation of integrated marketing communications lead to the reassurance of timely reminders, current data and available special offers to buyers and also facilitate repeat purchase in the industry. Adopting internet marketing can result in better target marketing which leads in better competitive advantages. References Abid, A.R. and Scheepers, H. (2011). Experienced Benefits and Barriers of e-Business Technology Adoption by SME suppliers. BIMA Publishing Communications of the IBIMA Abed, A. and Sahar, M., (2010). The Impact of Social Networking Websites to Facilitate the Effectiveness of Viral Marketing: International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 1, No.6 Ahmed, M. U., Kristal, M. M., Pagell, M. (2014). Impact of operational and marketing capabilities on firm performance: Evidence from economic growth and downturns. International Journal of Production Economics, 154, 5971. Belch, G.E., (2014). Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw Hill. p 31. Bengtsson, M. Boter, H., and Vanyushyn, V. (2007). Integrating the Internet and Marketing Operations. Journal: International Small Business Journal, Issn02662426, Volume 25, Issue 1, pg. no. 27 Centeno, E., Hart, S. (2012). The use of communication activities in the development of small to medium-sized enterprise brands. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 30(2), 250265. Chaffey, D., Patron, M. (2012). From web analytics to digital marketing optimization: Increasing the commercial value of digital analytics. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 14(1), 3045. Available from https://www.palgravejournals.com/dddmp Cronin-Gilmore, J. (2012).Exploring marketing strategies in small businesses: Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 6(1), 96107. Retrieved from https://www.na-businesspress.com/JMDC/Cronin-GilmoreJ_Web6_1_.pd Chen, C.W., Shen, C.C. and Chiu, W.Y., (2007). Marketing communication strategies in support of product launch: an empirical study of Taiwanese high-tech firm. Industrial Marketing Management, pg.no. 1046-56. Diamond, S. (2008). Web Marketing for Small Businesses: 7 Steps to Explosive Business Growth, Sourcebooks Inc., Illinois Dinner, I. M., Van Heerde, H. J., Neslin, S. A. (2014). Driving online and offline sales: The Cross-channel effects of traditional, online display, and paid search advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(5), 527545. Dlodlo, N., Dhurup, M. (2013). Drivers of e-marketing adoption among small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) and variations with age of business owners. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(14), 5366. Dlodlo, N., Mafini, C. (2014). The relationship between Internet marketing paybacks and firm Productivity: Perspectives from Zimbabwean SMEs. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(8), 2131. Fan, W., Tsai, M. (2014). Factors driving website success: the key role of Internet customization and the influence of website design quality and Internet marketing strategy. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 21(11), 11411159. Gassmann, O., Keupp, M.M., (2007).The competitive advantage of early and rapidly internationalizing SMEs in the biotechnology industry: a knowledge-based view, Journal of World Business 42 (3), 350366. Greg, B. M. (2007). The role of exigencies in marketing: a rhetorical analysis of Three Online social networks, thesis presented to the graduate school of Clemson university. , pg. no. 99. Jarvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H., Jayawardhena, C. (2012). Digital and social mediaMarketing usage in B2B industrial section. Marketing Management Journal, 2(2), 102 117. Jovanov, T. Conevska B. 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Life on Other Planets free essay sample

Life on other planets, Is there another titan planet out there that harbors life? Scientist have found two such planets in a neighboring but distant Solar System. Which planets are habitable and is there already life there or basically in general, â€Å"Is there life in outer space? † That is the question and debate among astrologists and scientist alike about this discovery of two planets that orbit the red dwarf star of Gliese 581 (Gliese 581c. eu). The fascination of intelligent life other than us has led to many studies and theories. With recent discoveries about the universe and the finding of Gliese 581, the idea of intelligent life has become even more intriguing. The implications of proving life exists on other planets and communicating with them could have an enormous impact to our society. The following discusses the possibilities of life on other planets by studying what sustains life on planet Earth, possible life within our Solar System, the discovery and study of other life bearing planets, examines what criteria may sustain life in other stars systems, and current programs studying extraterrestrial life (Koch and Borucki, 1996). Recent technological advancements have confirmed the existence of relatively large planets around other stars. Earth-like planets orbiting other stars have yet to be discovered, but most astronomers believe one will be found. In order for a star to maintain a potentially life-giving planet within its orbit certain criteria would have to be established and maintained. Stars have been classified by The Harvard one-dimensional temperature classification scheme (based on hydrogen Ballmer line strengths) was developed in Harvard College Observatory in 1912 by Annie Jump Cannon and Edward C. Pickering (Koch and Borucki, 1996). This classification is ordered from hottest to coldest, comparing mass, radius and luminosity to our Sun. Stars are catalogued by the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. These star types span the range of star temperatures. Spectral type is determined strictly by temperature: O type stars are the hottest stars and M type stars are the coolest. Stars within the classification of â€Å"O†, â€Å"B†, and â€Å"A† are considered to massive and have very short life spans to allow primitive life forms to emerge. K† and â€Å"M† stars are considered to be too dim and would create little solar radiation for a habitable planet to evolve unless the distance was as close as Mercury is to the Sun. Any other type planet would be too cold to support life. Our Sun is presently a G-2 class Star, which because of size and photospheric temperature is best suited for sustaining life as we humans understand it. Different stars within the classification of F and G vary from white or yellow-white stars with medium to weak hydrogen lines have been researched by astronomers as potentially being conducive to the development of life. This type of region would be considered, †The Habitable Zone†. The Habitable Zone is a region surrounding a star throughout which the surface temperatures of a planet would be ideal for life formation and be life sustaining (Kasting, Whitmire, Reynolds 1994). With this technology, humankind has made advancements that enable more accurate research and validation to the science of astronomy. Scientists worldwide are involved in research of location and identification of new planets and unexplained occurrences within the universe, along with exploration of life on other planets. Space travel performed by organizations such as NASA are assisting in dispelling many myths about our current solar system and the existence of life on any of these other planets, while organizations such as Meta Research Inc. is dedicated to ruling out unnecessary theories and updating the ideas and predictions while educating students of the stars with updated facts and ongoing programs. 28 new Exoplanets outside our solar system were found and identified (Choi, C. Q. , 2011), bringing the total to 236 known Exoplanets. After a new study that says, â€Å"worlds that orbit red dwarfs, and even rogue planets with no stars to call home, might have surface oceans loaded with organic compounds, making them similar to Saturns moon, Titan. † Titan is the only known moon that has a thick atmosphere, and the only world besides Earth to have liquid on its surface. To see if worlds like Titan could host oceans when not orbiting Saturn, McKay and planetary scientist Ashley Gilliam calculated what a Titan-like world might be like while orbiting around a relatively dim M4 red dwarf star. The seas of Titan are made of liquid methane, often leading to speculation as to whether or not they could host life, much like how life on Earth depends on water. Such aliens would consume organic compounds just as Earth life does, but inhale hydrogen gas in place of oxygen and exhale methane instead of carbon dioxide (Choi, C. Q. , 2011). The reason we chose to look at red dwarf stars is because they are the most abundant stars in the galaxy, Gilliam said. It is much more likely that we would find another Titan-like world orbiting an M-star than we would orbit a star like our sun. The researchers also calculated what Titan could be like orbiting a slightly hotter M3 red dwarf star, such as Gliese 581. A number of planets have already been detected near it now. We chose to look at Gliese 581 because we believe that it could support a Titan-like world as a moon of one of the giant planets, and thus could already be supporting a world with comparable conditions to Titan, Gilliam said. The light from a red dwarf star has more infrared than our sun does. More of this starlight would reach Titans surface, because its atmospheric haze is more transparent to infrared wavelengths. If Titan was placed at a distance from these red dwarfs so that it received the same average amount of light as it received from the Sun, the scientists estimated this extra infrared could warm its surface by about another 10 degrees C. Due to flares, red dwarf stars can generate more particle radiation and specific kinds of ultraviolet rays than our sun does. This could potentially generate more haze in a Titans atmosphere, which would then block sunlight and keep the planet cooler. Nevertheless, liquid seas would be possible, the investigators found such oceans would exist if Titan was 8. to 23 percent of an astronomical unit, which is the distance the Earth is from the Sun, or from an M4 red dwarf, and 63 percent to 166 percent of an astronomical unit from Gliese 581. If Titan was a rogue planet with no star to call home, the researchers wondered if it could still be covered in seas due to geothermal heat. The researchers calculate Titan would need to release about 20 times more geothermal heat than Earth does to keep its current surface temperature, which is unrealistic for a world its size. However, if its atmosphere was 20 times thicker than current levels, it could retain enough heat to still have surface oceans. It is not clear how much atmosphere a rogue planet would have, McKay cautioned. In order for a starless planet to have liquid methane seas on its surface, a more realistic scenario might be for it to be both larger and warmer than Titan and have a thicker atmosphere, he suggested (Choi, C. Q. , 2011). Organizations such as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) continue to search for other life forms that exist throughout the universe. Ongoing studies and research for microbial and non-intelligent forms of life (Choi, C. Q. , 2011) have been ongoing for many years and studies are being conducted for the search of intelligent forms of life rather than limiting the search for microbial and spectroscopic life forms. Light and radio waves travel at a slow rate throughout the never-ending universe, making contact with possible intelligent life forms from other planets almost impossible. â€Å"We must admit that in space there are other globes, other races of men and animals† (Lucretius, 1977). Over two thousand years ago Titus Lucretius Carus was certain there was life elsewhere in the Solar System and he was not the only person to assume this. Many scientists and philosophers around this time, and even present day scientists and philosophers, would have agreed with his statement. Roughly one and a half thousand years later, Galileo found spots on the Sun plus he distinguished the movement of the mountains and seas of the moon through his telescope; could these be indicators for life elsewhere? After these findings by Galileo, people strongly believed the moon â€Å"hosted living beings† (Genta and Rycroft, 2003) but this idea was cut short when scientists sadly proved the moon had no atmosphere; for a planet to have life it must have an atmosphere. When searching for life in the past, scientists used 2 different types of method. The first method was sending space probes out with Earth and following its journey around specific planets. A space probe has helped scientists understand more about the solar system and is used to give a rough idea to a possible indication of life on other planets. Space probes are unmanned spacecraft which relays information that helps scientists be aware of the weather and other changes which happen out with our planet Earth. Moreover, space probes are sent to the solar system with enough energy to fly though the gravitational field of planet earth and the advanced technology built in helps the space probe find its way around the solar system. Some space probes fly out to the Solar System and do not return to earth whilst others stay within in the solar system orbiting around a specific planet for a long period of time. Space probes which orbit around a planet helps scientists have took snapshots of the planet for scientists to study and decide whether or not life could be present there however analyzing the data provided by the space probe takes months, even years but because the chances of life to be found elsewhere is thin, to find life by using space probes scientists have to wait for ‘interstellar exploration missions’ (Genta and Rycroft, 2003) which lead to the creation to search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) instead of searching for extraterrestrial life. The changes in searching from extraterrestrial life to extraterrestrial intelligence may help the scientific community gain more results on searching for extraterrestrial life proves much easier to accumulate plus life, means something is living, intelligence is looking for signs that something has lived or is living without actually seeing it therefore, if something is found when searching for extraterrestrial intelligence, scientists could astonishingly find life elsewhere within the solar system. To search for extraterrestrial intelligence, scientists use radio telescopes to try and pick up any transmissions from planets orbiting stars such as Gliese 581. Some of the research carried out by scientists has been conducted in the visible and near infrared part in the electromagnetic spectrum, most of the SETI experiments have been conducted by scanning our sky using the complex radio telescopes for a possible signal of direct contact from other species through all these trans missions. As the search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been based around two different approaches, first approach was the radio telescope that was used and set toward a specific star. The star which was chosen was because of the stars close resemblance to our Sun. Scientists problem so far is that they did not know what frequency the extraterrestrial intelligence are using, so there had to be a high number of channels in the receiver if they hope to pick up one frequency. There is only one problem with catching these signals is the interference with other objects with in our atmosphere so this method is not as efficient as everyone had hoped. The next method that used was to look at observations of signals of a â€Å"non-natural origin†(Genta Rycroft, 2003)†. However this method was extremely costly and has a limited coverage of our sky which again proved disappointing. â€Å"Radio astronomers who found themselves at the front line in a brand new research field which, was way beyond their scientific research†, Genta and Rycroft state that, â€Å"radio astronomers tried their best to find life using these complicated pieces of technology. † The implications of proving life exists on other planets and communicating with them could have an enormous impact to our society.